Verse:Mwail/Erno-Kawenic languages
In this versespace:
Diachronics
Consonants
- p' -> PEK mˁ
- t' -> PEK tˁ
- k' -> PEK q
- PIr l -> PEK ć
- PIr y/g/hiatus breaker -> PEK y
- PIr k -> PEK ç
- PIr ng, r -> lengthens preceding vowel if before C, PEK 0 otherwise
- PIr s -> PEK χ
- PIr b/w -> PEK β
- PIr d -> ð (r in retroflexing environments)
- final nasal -> ŋ
- Non-final nasals stay put (n in PIr /rVn/ retroflexes)
- p, t stay put (t in PIr /rVt/ retroflexes)
Vowels
PIr ā a -> a ə
urV, orV, arV -> orV, arV, erV -> oV aV eV
ira iro iru -> iwa iwo iwu
Todo: lots of conditional vowel shifts
Vowel dissimilation? Because assimilation's boring
Family tree
Phonology
Proto-Erno-Kawenic is characterized by unusual sound changes from Proto-Irenesian.
Consonants
| Labial | Denti-alveolar | Retroflex | Palatal | Uvular | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| plain | pharyngealized | |||||
| Nasal | m | mˁ | n | ɳ | ||
| Stop | p | pˁ | t | ʈ | tɕ | q |
| Fricative | ʂ | ç | χ | |||
| Resonant | β | ð | r | j | ʁ | |
Vowels
i e a o u ə + vowel length
Coloring effects
Grammar
I have to have a solid idea of how nouns work in PEK; I'm probably gonna cliticize classifiers after nouns
So the classifier is almost a suffix, maybe fully a suffix by PEK
That may affect the Ernish I have now, which I'm willing to accept. In that case Ernish should probably choose one form, probably the PEK genitive plural for most nouns.
Ensuring that Quququqquq genitives always end in a vowel is easy
Genitive should be -some vowel + (ng) in PI
Some nouns, like proper nouns, family terms and body parts, shouldn't have classifiers
PI classifiers
Todo: suppletive plural forms
Todo: pejorative classifiers
- nawil, pl. ike: generic things
- pelke: things (pejorative)
- soŋi, pl. oru: humans
- -> PEK -hoi, pl. -(y)au
- k'ube, pl. poap: humans (pejorative)
- wipi: animals
- mogu: humans, animals (pejorative)
- p'asur: humans, animals (pejorative)
- mosat: flat sheets
- omko (lit. flake): flat sheets (pejorative)
- otkeŋu: flat sheets (pejorative)
- keron: trees and bushes; streams, rivers
- yuŋos: herbaceous plants
- eyepki: any plant (pejorative)
- bawăd: flowers, bunches of fruit
- aŋk'ă: long thin rigid objects, paths, ways things are done (e.g. languages)
- wasik: long thin flexible objects
- uop: fruits, roughly spherical things
- tul: circles, rings
- ŋes: buildings
- p'odal: vehicles
- sawup: man-made things (pejorative)
- lăep: marks, like written characters, wounds, ...
- rukir: places
- ŋuta: events; verbal nouns tend to take this classifier
- PEK -uta infinitive
Sandbox
PI urim 'rose apple' (bare) -> PEK oiŋ 'apple (is-a form); Apple (name form)' -> Ernish oi 'ibid.'
PI urim uop -> PEK oiŋ=uyop 'the apple' -> Ernish oinguzop 'apple (singular)'
PI **urim bawăd -> PEK oiŋ bawəd -> oimbaud 'apples (plural)'
PI tiroŋ 'head' -> PEK tiwo: -> Ernish tiwo (body parts don't take classifiers)