User:PrySigneToFlyeor/Sandbox/Limguese
Limguese is a Sino-Tibetan Language designed by PSTF for experiment.
Pronouncing System
The pronunciation of all characters must strictly follow the (C)(G)V(C) rule. Consonants cannot be blended together.
| Bilabial | Labio-dental | Dental | Alveolar | Post-alveolar | Retroflex | Alveolo-palatal | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal/Epiglottal | Glottal | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | ? m | n | ? ng | |||||||||
| Plosive | p b | t d | k g | |||||||||
| Affricate | c dz | ch dzh | q j | |||||||||
| Fricative | f v | s z | sh zh | x | h | |||||||
| Approximant | r | y | (w) | |||||||||
| Lateral app. | l |
| Front | Near-front | Central | Near-back | Back | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i ü | ï | eu u | ||
| Near-close | |||||
| Close-mid | ? oe | eo o | |||
| Mid | |||||
| Open-mid | e | ||||
| Near-open | |||||
| Open | ä | a |
This language has four tones. Because the letters have diaresis, we use superscript numbers instead of additional diacritical marks to indicate tones.
- Average tone: 55
- Rising tone: 25
- Falling tone(lower): 31
- Falling tone(higher): 51
- Wavy tone: 214
Besides, we have also tone 0 which works like soft tone in Chinese.
Grammar
Glyphs and Words
Each basic vocabulary word consists of a single syllable. Since each syllable corresponds to one character, these basic vocabulary words have only one character (we will discuss the sinicization scheme later).
New words are constructed by combining monosyllabic words. A large number of words are disyllabic. For example,
Language = Talking + Sound Student = Study + Human Dawn = Morning + Before
Syntax
We use the SOV sentence structure of the Tibeto-Burman language family (rather than the Sinitic language family).
For example(we use phonetic alphabets):
They discuss a problem. 他们讨论一个问题。 他们 一个 问题 讨论 to1men2 i1no2 un3te2 i4lun3.
Classifier
Since both the Sino-Tibetan language family languages have a large number of measure words, we also use the measure word system here, stipulating that nouns must be combined with numerals using measure words.
For example:
- General classifier:
no2 - For elongated objects:
tiao2 - For plants (especially trees):
ke1 - For flat objects:
pian4
Function Words
Tense
- Past tense: Add "le0" after the sentence. EG:
I have finished eating.→nga2 fan4 dza1 le0. - Future tense: Add "jiang1" before the verb. EG:
I'm going to eat.→nga2 jiang1 dza1 fan4.
Possessive
We use "ge0" for possessive. Such as: My book → nga2 ge0 shu1.
Directive
We use "dou1" for directive. Such as: The book is on the desk. → Shu1 dou1 dzhuo1-shang3.
Example
A "simple" sentence
Za2tian1, na4 sam1 no2 nian2-ge2 hok4-zen2, he2-bian1 ge0 xiao5-shu4-lin2 dou1, jiang1 liang5 tiao2 mei3-li4 ge0 niao5 nga2 le0. Yesterday, those three young students saw two pretty birds in the little forest.
Sinicization Plan
Given that this language belongs to the Sino-Tibetan family, we also offer a Sinicized (even exaggerated) mode—where each syllable is represented by a single character.
| Syllables | Sinicized | Meaning | Why? |
|---|---|---|---|
| nga2 | 我 | I | Classical Chinese: Please pay the copyright fee. |
| fan4 | 饭 | meal | |
| dza1 | 食 | eat | |
| zen2 | 人 | person | |
| kong1 | 嶂 | mountain | I personally think that 嶂 has more momentum than 山. |
| nam2 | 湳 | water | Invented character. |
| hok4 | 学 | learn | |
| wa4 | 话 | talking | |
| seng1 | 声 | sound | |
| mi2 | 眸 | eye | 眸 seems more poetic than 目. |
| More | Examples | Coming | Soon |
Phonetic Alphabet: Za2tian1, na4 sam1 no2 nian2-ge2 hok4-zen2, he2-bian1 ge0 xiao5-shu4-lin2 dou1, jiang1 liang5 tiao2 mei3-li4 ge0 niao5 nga2 le0. Sinicized: 昨晛，彼三侬年格学人，河边格小树林兜，将两条美俪格鸟睚了。 Compare with standard Chinese: 昨天，那三个年轻的学生，在河边的小树林里，看见了两只美丽的鸟。