Middle Wiebian

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Middle Wiebian
Wieb-Muts
Created byIlL
Quihum
Language codes
ISO 639-3qwb
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Introduction

Sound changes

AW: ie /i/ üh /y/ uh /u/ i /ɪ/ ü /ʏ/ u /ʊ/ e /ɛ/ ö /œ/ o /ɔ/ a /æ/ ei /ä/ ah /ɒ/ au /æʊ/ eu /ɔɪ/ eh /ɛɪ/ öh /œʏ/ oh /ɔʊ/ ir /iɻ/ ür /yɻ/ ur /uɻ/ er /ɛɻ/ ör /œɻ/ or /ɔɻ/ ar /äɻ/

æ, ä, ɒ, ij, y, u, ɪ, ʏ, ʊ, ɛ, œ, ɔ, æʊ, ɔɪ, ɛɪ, œʏ, ɔʊ, iɻ, yɻ, uɻ, ɛɻ/œɻ, ɔɻ, äɻ > jæ, æ, ɑ, ji, ju, u, je, jə, wə, jə, ə, ə, jɑ, we, e, jwe, ow, jia, ia, wa, jow, ow, ɑ

o > wa, u > wo / _{t, n, l}

Resultant vowel system: æ, ɑ, i, u, e, we, ə, wə, ow, ia, wa

wahm > vɑm, djih (B), nɑk, g!jɑf, zel, stum, rut, ljowts, pɑp, kjia

Phonology

Initials

Middle Wiebian initials
Labial Coronal Coarticulated Velar Glottal
Nasal voiceless /m̊/ /n̊/ /ŋ̊!/ (/ŋ̊/)
voiced /m/ /n/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ/
Stop tenuis /p/ /t/ /!/ /k/ /ʔ/
aspirated /pʰ/ /tʰ/ /!ʰ/ /kʰ/
voiced /b/ /d/ /g!/ /g/
breathy voiced /bʱ/ /dʱ/ /g!ʱ/ /gʱ/
Fricative voiceless /f/ /s/ /ɧ/ /x/ /h/
voiced /z/ /ɧ̬/ /ɣ/
Trill /r/
Approximant /w/, /ɥ/ /l/ /j/

broad ŧ is postvelar /k̠ǃ/ while slender ŧ is prevelar /k̟ǃ/

Vowels

  Front Central Back
Close /ʲi/ /ʲiː/ /ʲʷi/ /ʲʷiː/ /(ʷ)u/ /(ʷ)uː/
Close-mid /ʲe/ /ʲeː/ /ʷeː/ /ʲʷe/ /ʲʷeː/ /ɤ/ /ɤː/ /ʷo/ /ʷoː/
Open /ʲa/ /aː/ /ʲaː/ /ʷa/ /ʲʷa/

Diphthongs: /ʲia ʲʷia ua/ written <ir ibhir ur>

Finals

Permissible finals: /-p -t -k -m -n -l -w -j/

Suprasegmentals

Each syllable could have two registers: plain (a á) and breathy (à â).

Grammar

Mutations

  • /pʰ/ <p> > /f/ /b/ /p/ (from AW pf)
  • /b/ <b> > /w/ /m/ /b/
  • /p/ <sp> > /p/ /m̊/ /p/
  • /f/ <f> > /0/ /w/ /f/ (from AW f and w)
  • /m/ <m> > /ṽ/ /m/ /m̊/
  • /m̊/ <sm>
  • /tʰ/ <t> > /θ/ /d/ /t/
  • /d/ <d> > /ð/ /n/ /d/
  • /t/ <st> > /t/ /n̊/ /t/
  • /s/ <z> > /h/ /z/ /s/
  • /z/ <s> > /0/ /z/ /z/
  • /n/ <n> > /n/ /n/ /n̊/
  • /n̊/ <sn>
  • /l/ <l>
  • /l̥/ <sl>
  • /r/ <sr>
  • /r̥/ <sr>
  • /!ʰ/ <ŧ> > /ɧ/ /g!/ /!/
  • /g!/ <đ> > /ɧ̬/ /ŋ!/ /g!/
  • /!/ <> > /!/ /ŋ̊!/ /!/
  • /ɧ/ <sc> > /h/ /ɧ̬/ /ɧ/
  • /ŋ!/ <> > /ŋ!/ /ŋ!/ /ŋ̊!/ (in loanwords)
  • /ŋ̊!/ <snđ> (in loanwords)
  • /kʰ/ <c> > /x/ /g/ /k/
  • /g/ <g> > /ɣ/ /ŋ/ <n-g> /gʰ/
  • /ŋ/ <ng> > /ŋ/ /ŋ/ /ŋ̊/ (in loanwords)
  • /ŋ̊/ <sng> (in loanwords)

Tenses

  • Present: is V S O, negation má V is S O
  • Past: do-L V S O, negation mádh-L V S O