Þeoþlewisæþ

Myuftseezh (Miøfcyzh) is a Mustlup language inspired phonetically by Þiúdьsk.

Phonology

Myuftseezh is notable for its phonemic palatalization and vowel reduction in unstressed syllables, similar to Irish.

Sound changes

basic outline for vowel changes:

PM: i u ə a ī ū ə­̄ ā ay aw əy əw iw uy

after laryngeals vocalize or disappear the inventory becomes: i u ə o a ī ū ē ō ā ay aw ey ew oy ow iu uy

• > ji u ə o a jī ū jē ō jā ē ō jē jō ȫ ū ī jū ī
• > jə ə ə o a ji u je o ja e o je jo ə u ju i (in stressed syllables)

Laryngeal reflexes:

• ah, eh, ih, uh > ay, ey, ii, uy
• axv, əxv, ixv, uxv > aa, aa, ee, oo
• axw, əxw, ixw, uxw > aw, ow, iw, uu
• h, xv, xw vocalize between vowels to e, a, o
• x > h

Consonants

		Labial		Dental		Alveolar		Postalveolar		Lateral		Palatal	Velar
		hard	soft	hard	soft	hard	soft	hard	soft	hard	soft
Nasal		m m	mı mʲ	n n̪			nı nʲ					ŋı ŋʲ	ŋ ŋ
Plosive	tenuis	p p	pı pʲ	t t̪			tı tʲ					kı kʲ	k k
	voiced	b b	bı bʲ	d d̪			dı dʲ					gı gʲ	g g
Affricate				c t̪s			cı tsʲ	ch tʃ	chı tʃʲ	ξ tɬ	ξı tɬʲ
Fricative	voiceless	f f	fı fʲ	þ θ	þı θʲ	s s	sı sʲ	sh ʃ	shı ʃʲ	σ ɬ	σı ɬʲ	xı xʲ	x x
	voiced	v v	vı vʲ	ð ð	ðı ðʲ	z z	zı zʲ	zh ʒ	zhı ʒʲ	λ ɮ	λı ɮʲ
Trill						r rˠ	rı rʲ
Approximant										l ɫ	lı lʲ	j j

Vowels

	Front	Central	Back
Close	i, y /i/		u /u/
Mid	e /e/	ø /ə/	o /o/
Open		a /a/

Grammar

Adjectives precede nouns and inflect for gender, number and case. Demonstratives and determiners also inflect as adjectives.

þanı 'house' (masculine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	þanı	þaniø
Object	þaniø	þanstı

shøniø 'tree' (feminine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	shøniø	shøniøb
Object	shøniø	shønstı

The definite article inflects as follows:

ki 'definite article' (masculine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	ki	kuo
Object	kiʔ	kist

ki 'definite article' (feminine)
State	Singular	Plural
Nominative	kəʔ	kə̄b
Object	kie	kə̄st

Vocabulary

Numbers 1-12:

• 0: qɳīqʼə̄ > xrikiø
• 1: səyḱʼu > siec
• 2: kʷʼli > kliø
• 3: sqā > ska
• 4: māwuy > moj
• 5: payku > fex
• 6: hə̄ƛix̌ > jeσiø
• 7: c̣ʼəthə̄ > ciøþiø
• 8: pʼaŋud > paŋd
• 9: ḱʔawń > con
• 10: xʷqāx̌ṭʼī > fatiø
• 11: kʷʼə̄cʼiw > kietiø
• 12: cʼiw > ciu
• 144: pʼəwɳətʂʼ > piorch
• 1728: tsuləw > søliø

• xʷɬaːləj > flaliø
• kəːtsʼaː > xøcø
• χɳəːxʷnawpʼ > røfnøp
• qʼəj > kie
• χiːɭaj > irø
• ŋqʼəjuː > iŋkiø
• χpʼiw > piu
• tʂʼa > cha
• ɭɖiw > irdiø
• pɭəχɬiɡ > priaλg
• tʂajhawp > shøf
• ʈajqʼiʂ > tøkshь
• dzxʷaj > sfø
• ɡəːɡaj > gøgø
• tɬʼɲawŋip > ξnoŋfь
• tsuj > sy
• tsʼə > cia
• tsʼpʼipdzajɬ > cpiøfzøσ
• tɬuːxʷtʼuː > ́σuftø
• xʷaːtsʼɲəː > fasnø
• qʂamɲuj > kshamnø
• ɟəː > ðiø

ɢuː ʂxaw sadjəː mmuj wiː pχaj pʼəw ʈʼa ɭəw buxəw ɟxəːʈhaːɡʷ ɖʐɳiwpcajh tɬuːtsʼitɬʼ ɬajtʂəʈ ɬuq'ʈ'i panaːx dzəwduːɢ ʔidiwpʼ cʼiw pəwɲujɡʷ ɭu ɡʷuːɟiːdʐ ŋʔiː cʼa htɬawxkiːpʼ sgi qʼixtʂʼajm ɢuŋəj xʷŋiwŋhuj tuj xʷciːtsʼiw ɡʷiːpxəw tsʼmajʈχa ɡaj χɳə ba ŋəw ɲiː hbə ɖujxʷcʼətɬ luci tsujhjaw ɬəj səː dzəw tɬχəjc'p'əwɟ ɲχaːtɬmaːɖ kəː ɡʷujɭəː ɬuːknu kɖaɟəː dzχaː xujpɖəj tsliː wajʈɳəː snuj t'p'əw səwɳətʂʼ wəbəjpʼ kʼəwχɢuɭ ɲu puːntuː tʼχaj ɳʈʂawtsɢiwtʼ staɡʷajdɮ jaːpʼxʷiːʈ ltsəw pɡajɢəjʔ ʂaχna ɢəj tʼxʷə naɬχujts ʔiː ltsiw ʂiːpʼiː ɲuːtʼiwtʂ kʼuj qʼəj tiwiː ʔuːdhi tʂʼəːtsɲəːɲ qʼu ʔəj tsʼuku qʼuχtʼujtʼ bəwɢawn kʼəmχəjɡʷ taː ɢi mitɬuː məw həː tsmiw ɲaj ʔawɡʷhəʔ dʐaj qʈawməjʔ kʷʼajqiː qəʔəjɡʷ səwhiwts ɟuː ʔχiʔəw ɳuː ltajxʷcʼəwtʂ ʔəjtgʷaː ʔujʔəːʔ ʔə xʷujkʷxʷəwʈ ki buj bəw ʔuːmə quː ʔiw maw ʔəːχpaːɡʷ hɳaː ɬaj kʷɳiːqʼəː dʐəː xlaj ɬgəwdziːkʷ tʼəw dɮaːʂuːʂ ɖəw bajmpaj ləː tɬəɲɲu cu ɬəw pʼəjdɮə ɖiːcʼujʔ htsʼiːʔuj ɡʷi ʈa tʂuː χnəwtsaʈ ɳiː kləːʔəwɭ χiw cʼi ʂimiw ʔaj dʐu χəwɡəː qʼiːsaw lgəː χəːtsuʔ qaːwəj hkʷajkʷʼiːʔ pɖuː xʷcujtsiwdʐ ʔiːxʷtʼəː tɬʼəːxtsiː ʔaχawxʷ ʈʼuxʷbaj xʔaː xʷiw xʷdɮaj maː lʔəqiːʔ ɖəjxʈʼaːdʐ ɬqəjʈʼaɭ ʔəjbəː daxpʼawkʷ xdzuː cʼu sgʷə ʔkʷʼaː maːwuj pajku həːtɬiχ tʂʼəthəːɡʷ pʼaŋud cniwxʷŋi biː dʐə xʷqaːχʈʼiː χi kʷʼəːʔiwts caːʔujɲ dzuj tsʼiw bujtɬuːxʷ tsʼəːhəj ɬuː wiwmiwd xtʼahdzaw dʐiː ɡʷujʔuːk ɬulqaːm ʔaw kaj dɮaw ɭaː huːwaw xawɡʷu ɟibəː liwkʷʼaːɲ tlaj cʼuχdzawɖ pʼuɖaː kʷəːŋkʷiwɡʷ tsəw qʼaːmjiː xəj ɬəwkʷʼuj təʔuː ʔaɬax kʷəxʷəj xʷa ʔəj ltəw tsuː tsʼna haː sə jujpəɡ ŋmək'ts'əjx ʔujɳʈʼuːw tɬətsʼiʈʼ lə kʷəwɡʷxʷiː cʼaw ŋə sa tʼəjxtʂəwɟ ʔuxiwj sχiːʔəwdʐ kɬədzaj jaːpnəŋ ɡujwəː xɭiːɬuk suː ɬaːhɡaːd ɡujnaː hliw baːbuːx kʼiː ʔəwcə dɮɳəj dziː cʼaːwuː ta tsʼmi tɬətkʷuːts nməj xi ʈʼiw kʷu liwhəjx tsʼu kʼihsaj tɬʼutɬuj skʼəw tɬʼəkʷlaj hiwtɲəj piw xʈʼəː ɡʷə pʈuj tɬaː səj ŋəjpu tɬʼuː tsujsuːts xʷə xəwŋkawxʷ xʷəj ɲcʼaːɲɲuːqʼ ɡʷiwpaw dʐaːtʂaj nʔəːʔuʔ dzuːkaː na tɬuːŋɢajq qaː ʔiw dʐəwɭɭujl pʼiː ɲʔa myusi tɬəwɳɳəw pikiw saːɳɳəj dəjcʼujj qʼaxaːʔ ɲʔiw nnujmuj ʔawɟaːkʷ tsʼiw ʈuŋməwl ɡuɲma dʐaːʔi qʼaːŋqʼa ʈu ʔə bu kʷəw ʔəwʔəj kʼəː ʔətsʼə ʔiːɭəːtʂ tɬʼəː χu mitʂuʔ xəw ʂajŋnəː səː ʔaw ŋə ŋmujʂəj ɬuː ɡaw tɬu kʼiː ŋkʼaːɭiːɡʷ ʔiː ɡʷajɳu hinmuːw ɢaː ʈuːkʷʼə pəːʈʼəjɡ lnəjntsatsʼ miːkʼə ʈəj ʔəlŋiw qʼi ʈujkʼuːtɬʼ ŋnə xʷiw dɮiː dʐiw qʼəʂəjh ɭɳintsʼiː wəjhaːdʐ dɮəw wəw bəlŋiːχ nəw ŋgʷəː dzəːɟaw kəjxiw tiwpʼiwɟ lulmawʈ mləqəʔ tɬʼu lnujtʂʼəw ndzaʔaː ɲəw najəːʔ mi ŋgʷajlʔəːkʷ ɳʈʂʼə ʔawʔaːkʷ cʼi ɡaj ntɬiʈuj ɬəw ŋa kʷumbawd ʔaʈiːdɮ ɖu kʷʼiw pʼəw ɖaj ʔa ʔiːkʼaː lŋəj tʼəw xʷaːʔuː mlilɲiw ɖuj ɳʈə tsʼəw wuɭu kʷujɳɖajʈʼ hiː kʼaː mni kʷʼə ʈa ʔəʔib tsutɬʼəw kəː tʼaːtsʼiw ʈə ɭɭiw ʈʼuːŋɢatʼ kʷʼa mu ʔuː qintsajs ʔawntsajχ ʔaː tʂʼajdʐa tsʼəːŋawtsʼ suː ŋgʷaw ʔajluɲ ʔajmmu dʐaw xʷəw ʔaj ɲcəj ɡʷəːkəwʂ tsuj ɳɳawʔu jəjhaːʔ ʂə hə ɳɖaw tɬʼiː ɢiw xə jə ɲɲuː tɬʼitəwɬ paw cuj ɬiʔiw tɬʼaj ɲaː hiːɲɟətʼ wuː piwɬac tsətʼuɭ dɮəjmiːxʷ jaj jiːʔəːtɬ ti ŋaj tʂajnəːχ lnəj dʐiː xʷəːʔəʔ ʔəw dəw ɳɳə xəːŋkʷəʔ tʼəʈʼaː ɢəjɡuj nuːʈəːʔ ŋəj tʼi ʔəːllub ɳaː tʼiw qəj lʔu ntiwwuj qu lʔaː jajɟəʔ ŋajɳajʔ tsʼiː ndzəʔajp ʈuj dʐaːŋkucʼ jəjʈawɖ xʷəjɲɲuːtʼ ɳʈʂuj tɬʼujŋgʷiːkʷʼ wu mŋiːdʐaːkʷ mɳuːʂiʔ