Paang

Roshterian /rɒʃˈtɛriən/ (ezhbaeroshtherim 'The Roshterian language') is a Talmic language spoken in East Cuadhlabh. It is head-initial and polysynthetic.

Numbers

• 1: pêm
• 2: tiłuar
• 3: nazhg
• 4: lôb
• 5: selił
• 6: thiam
• 7: ruad
• 8: lored
• 9: bazh
• 10: ghîr
• 12: naes

Phonology

Among Talmic languages, Roshterian is notable for having retroflex consonants and multiple liquids.

Consonants

		Labial	Dental/Alveolar		Retroflex		Velar	Uvular	Glottal
			central	lateral	central	lateral
Nasal		m /m/	n /n̪/		nh /ɳ/		[ŋ]	[ɴ]
Stop	voiceless	p /p/	t /t̪/		th /ʈ/		c /k/	q /q/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d̪/		dh /ɖ/		g /g/
Continuant	voiceless	(f /f/?)	s /s/	ł /ɬ/	sh /ʂ/	łh /ɬʵ/			h /h/
	voiced	w /v~w/	r /r/	l /l/	zh /ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/			gh /ʁ/

evidentials, quasi-polysynthetic

Vowels

i i: u u: e e: ə ə: o o: a a: ai ei iə eu uə oi iu

⟨i î u û e ê y ŷ o ô a â ae ei ia eu ua oe iu⟩

Sound changes

• *ā > ia (*nā > nia 'I'); *ō > ua; *au > ô; *ou > û; *ū > î
• *qʷ > /χʷ/ > /ɧ/ > sh; *ʁʷ > /ζ/ > zh
• *nw, tw, dw, sw, łw, lw, rw > nh, th, dh, sh, łh, zh, zh /ɳ, ʈ, ɖ, ʂ, ɬ̠, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ, ʐ~ɻ~ɭ/
• *sl-, sm-, sn- > zh-, m-, nh-
• *sɸ-, sr-, sw- > f-, zh-, sh-
• *st, sk > th-/shth, sc (*bastom > bashtho 'king' ~ Tíogall bast 'head')
• *sb, sd, sg > zhb, zhdh, zhg (*nasge > nazhg '3')
• *φn, tn, φl, tl > /ːn, ts, ːɬ, tɬ/
• *kt, qt > /jt, :ʈ/ (*tektə > teit /teit/ 'child', *neqtə > nêth /neːʈ/ 'cloud')
• *kn, gn, qn > /jn, jn, :ɳ/
• *φj, tj, kj, qj > pt ss ts gh
• *φ-, j- > h-
• *skj, stj > sht, st
• final short vowels lost; final -m, -s, -t lost; final long vowels shorten (ia, ua > i, u)