Wena

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Wena (also known as Hibu, Hibuese, Mannenese or Nenge) is a language isolate spoken by around 60,000 people on the Hibu Islands in the Hibu Province of Papua New Guinea. It is called by its speakers either nenge wena or nenge wana, both essentially meaning 'our language', the former using the exclusive word 'we, not you' and the latter using the inclusive word 'we, including you'. The closest land to the Hibu Islands is Simberi Island about 150 kilometres to the southwest. Nuguria Atoll is a similar distance away to the southeast. About half of the Wena people are monolingual, the other half also having knowledge of Tok Pisin and a much smaller percentage know English. Dialectal differences are little-documented and appear to be small, most likely owing to the high degree of travel around the island.

Wena appears to be a language isolate. It is a right-branching, strongly isolating language, notable for its largely oligoanalytic nature, its complete lack of verbs other than the non-inflecting copula i, and for its sex-based speech registers, whereby initiated men pronounce all consonants other than /h/ as voiced.

Classification and history

Phonology

Consonants

Vowels

Phonotactics

Prosody

Word classes

Nouns

Monosyllabic nouns

Echo nouns

Polysyllabic nouns

Compounding

Reduplication

Gendered nouns

Pronouns

Genitive forms

Particles

Interjections

Noun Phrases

Appositional modifiers

Attributive modifiers

Genitive modifiers

Adjunctive modifiers

Clauses

NP clauses

Predicate clauses

Subject predicate clauses

Topic fronting

Questions

Coordination

Subordination

Conditional sentences

Miscellaneous

Affirmation and negation

Comparison

Definiteness

Demonstratives

Imperatives

Names

Number

Numerals

Tense and aspect

Registers

Nenge di

Nenge la

Nenge hu