Hadda

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Hadda (Native: ħaɗɗa) is an a priori language inspired by various African languages.

Introduction

Phonology

Orthography

Orthography (under construction)

Hadda orthography
IPA Latin Simplified Latin Marasa Arabic Ge'ez Hebrew Notes
a A a A a
allophone of /a/ in stressed, open syllables
b B b B b
ɓ Ɓ ɓ B' b'
c C c Ch ch
d D d D d
ɗ Ɗ ɗ D' d'
ð̞ Đ đ Dh dh allophone of /d/ between vowels
ð occurs in loanwords
ɛ E e E e
ɛː allophone of /ɛ/ in stressed, open syllables
f F f F f
g G g G g
ɠ Ɠ ɠ G' g'
ɣ̞ Ɣ ɣ Gh gh allophone of /g/ between vowels
ɣ occurs in loanwords
Gw gw Gw gw
h H h H h allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment;
occurs in loanwords
ħ Ħ ħ X x
i I i I i
allophone of /i/ in stressed, open syllables

Consonants

Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets.

Consonants
Labial Dental/Alveolar Palatal Velar Labiovelar Pharyngeal/Uvular Glottal
Nasal m n ɲ ŋ ŋw /ŋʷ/
Plosive voiceless (p) t c k kw /kʷ/ (q) (ʔ)
voiced b d j /ɟ/ g gw /gʷ/
glottalized ɓ ɗ ɉ /ʄ/ ɠ
Fricative voiceless f s, (ŧ /θ/) (ʃ) (x) (hw /hʷ/) ħ (h)
voiced (v) (z), (đ /ð/) (ɣ)
Approximant voiced (v /β̞/) (đ /ð̝/) y /j/ (ɣ /ɣ̞/) w ʕ
glottalized (ɽ /ʔ͡r/) (ƴ /ʔʲ/) ( /ʔʷ/)
lateral l
Flap (r /ɾ/)

Vowels

Prosody

Stress

Intonation

Phonotactics

Morphophonology

Morphology

Syntax

Constituent order

Noun phrase

Verb phrase

Sentence phrase

Dependent clauses

Example texts

Other resources