Hadda
Hadda (Native: ħaɗɗa) is an a priori language inspired by various African languages.
Introduction
Phonology
Orthography
Orthography (under construction)
| IPA | Latin | Simplified Latin | Marasa | Arabic | Ge'ez | Hebrew | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| a | A a | A a | ـَ | አ | סַ | ||
| aː | Aa aa | Aa aa | ـَا | ኣ | סַא | ||
| b | B b | B b | ب | በ | ּב | ||
| β̞ | Ƀ ƀ | B b | ب | ቨ | ב | allophone of /b/ between vowels | |
| ɓ | Ɓ ɓ | B' b' | ڀ | ጰ | קּו | ||
| c | C c | Ch ch | چ | ቸ | כ׳ | ||
| d | D d | D d | د | ደ | ּד | ||
| ð̞ | Đ đ | D d | ذ | ደ | ך | allophone of /d/ between vowels | |
| ð | Dh dh | ዘ | ךֿ | occurs in loanwords | |||
| ɗ | Ɗ ɗ | D' d' | ڟ | ጠ | טּ | ||
| ɛ | E e | E e | ـٖ | ኤ | סֵ | ||
| ɛː | Ee ee | Ee ee | ـٖي | סֵי | |||
| f | F f | F f | ف | ፈ | פ | ||
| g | G g | G g | ݣ | ገ | גּ | ||
| ɣ̞ | Ǥ ǥ | G g | ڠ | ገ | ג | allophone of /g/ between vowels | |
| ʁ | Ɣ ɣ | Gh gh | غ | ኀ | גֿ | occurs in loanwords | |
| ɠ | Ɠ ɠ | G' g' | کٴ | ቀ | קּ | ||
| gʷ | Gw gw | Gw gw | ڭو | ጐ | גּו | ||
| h | H h | H h | ھ | ሀ | ה | allophone of /k/ between vowels in non-guttural environment; occurs in loanwords | |
| ħ | Ħ ħ | X x | ح | ሐ | ח | ||
| χ | X x | Kh kh | خ | ኸ | כֿ | occurs in loanwords | |
| i | I i | I i | ـِ | ኢ | סִ | ||
| iː | Ii ii | Ii ii | ـِي | סִי | |||
| ɟ | J j | J j | ج | ጀ | גּ׳ | ||
| ʄ | Ɉ ɉ | J' j' | ڇ | ጨ | קּ׳ | ||
| k | K k | K k | ک | ከ | כ | ||
| l | L l | L l | ل | ለ | ל | ||
| m | M m | M m | م | መ | מ | ||
| n | N n | N n | ن | ነ | נ | ֹ | |
| ɲ | Ɲ ɲ | Ny ny | ݧ | ኘ | נ׳ | ||
| ŋ | Ŋ ŋ | Ng ng | ݢ | ጘ | נ״ | ||
| ŋʷ | Ŋw ŋw | Ngw ngw | ڬو | ⶓ | נ״ו | ||
| ɔ | O o | O o | ـٗ | ኦ | סֹ | ||
| ɔː | O o | O o | ـٗو | סוֹ | |||
| p | P p | P p | پ | ፐ | פּ | occurs in loanwords | |
| q | Q q | Q q | ق | ቀ | קּ | occurs in loanwords | |
| ʔ | Ɂ ɂ | ' | ٯٔ ، ء | ቐ | ק | allophone of /ɠ/ between vowels | |
| ʕ | Ҁ ҁ | C c | ع | ዐ | ע | ||
| ɾ | R r | R r | ر | ረ | ר | allophone of /l/ between vowels | |
| rˀ | Ɍ ɍ | R' r' | ݬ | ፀ | ט | allophone of /ɗ/ between vowels | |
| s | S s | S s | س | ሰ | ס | ||
| ʃ | Σ ʃ | Sh sh | ش | ሸ | ש | ||
| t | T t | T t | ت | ተ | ת |
Consonants
Allophones and loanword-exclusive phonemes are enclosed in brackets.
| Labial | Dental/Alveolar | Palatal | Velar | Labiovelar | Pharyngeal/Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ɲ | ŋ | ŋw /ŋʷ/ | |||
| Plosive | voiceless | (p) | t | c | k | kw /kʷ/ | (q) | (ʔ) |
| voiced | b | d | j /ɟ/ | g | gw /gʷ/ | |||
| glottalized | ɓ | ɗ | ɉ /ʄ/ | ɠ | ||||
| Fricative | voiceless | f | s, (ŧ /θ/) | (ʃ) | (x) | (hw /hʷ/) | ħ | (h) |
| voiced | (v) | (z), (đ /ð/) | (ɣ) | |||||
| Approximant | voiced | (v /β̞/) | (đ /ð̝/) | y /j/ | (ɣ /ɣ̞/) | w | ʕ | |
| glottalized | (ɽ /ʔ͡r/) | (ƴ /ʔʲ/) | (ⱳ /ʔʷ/) | |||||
| lateral | l | |||||||
| Flap | (r /ɾ/) | |||||||