Umbrean/Verbs

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Voices

Umbrean language has 4 voices, Active, Anti-passive, Passive and Applicative.

Active

Active voice is the standard in main clauses but never occures in relative clauses.

Commonly used for:

Action focus: When the focus is on the action more than any specific participent.

Anti-Passive

Anti-passive voice raises the Agent to a Subject status. It is grammaticly neccisery in Relative and noun clauses

Commonly used for:

Agent Focus: When the focus is on the agent doing the action rather than the action itself

Volition[*]: The agent intends the action upon the object.

Reflexive: The agent does it upon itself. I wash myself

Passive

Patient Focus: When the focus is on the patient having the action done upon

Anti-volition: The agent doesn't intends the action upon the object.

Reciprocal: Subjects do it onto each other. Adam and Jenny cut each others hair

Circumstantial

The Circumstantial voice raises an oblique argument to the subject of the verb and demotes all other arguments into oblique ones making them intransitive.

This voice requires a postpositional particle infront of the verb and the proper verbal form.

Oblique Focus: When the focus is on the oblique of the sentence

Politeness[*]: When one speaks in polite manners.

Moods

Indicative

Indicative mood is standard mood.

Used for:

Factual: Stating when something is factually true. "Water boils at 100°"

Probable: When things are likely to be true. "Josh is at the store"

Optative

Optative mood expresses desired, wished or hoped things.

Used for:

Desiderative: Expresses something that is desired, english "wish to" or "want to". "I want to see your paper"

Hopes: Expresses a hope for something to be true "I hope' that emily got there"

Wishes: Expresses a wish for something to be true. "I wish for world peace"

Hortative[*]: Expresses encouragement for the event. "Let us go to the theater!"

Subjunctive

Subjunctive expresses irrealis[*]

Used for:

Potential: Expresses the action being possibly true.

Oppinion: Expresses opinion of the speaker

Improbable: Expresses when things are unlikely to be true.

Doubt: Expresses when the speaker doubts the action having occured.

Imperative

Demand: Expresses a demand for the action to occure

Command: Expresses a commandment for the action to occure.

Tenses

Present

Tense Aspect
Present Continuative
Progressive

The present tense is used for following.

Acctual present: This expresses an action that is being done at the very moment. "I am going".

present
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Continued Present: The continuation of a previously halted event. "I continued walking"

Event present Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Aortis

Tense Aspect
Past Perfective

An action that was done in the past: Expresses an action that is viewed as a completed event.

Aortis
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Consequentum

Tense Aspect
Past
Present 		Prospective

Consequentative: Describes an action being the consequence of something else previously in the past.

Post-Past: Describes an action that happened or is happening after another in the past.

Present Result: Expresses a past event that has its condition still fullfilled in the present,I have washed myself (So I am still clean)

Cause Consequentum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →
Cause Consequentum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Causum

Tense Aspect
Future
Present 		Retrospective

Causative: Expresses events that is or will cause something

Preperation: Expresses events that is done in preperation of something to come

Pre-future: Expresses an event that happens now or later before a future event


Causum Consequence
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →
Causum Consequence
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Past Initio

Tense Aspect
Past Inceptive

Started past: Describes anaction being started in the past.

Past
Initio 		Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Futurum

Tense Aspect
Future Perfective
Present
Future 		Habitual

Future Event: Expresses an action that will be done in the future.

Futurum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Habitual: Expresses an action done habitually in the present or future

Futurum Futurum Futurum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →
Futurum Futurum Futurum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Futurum Consequenta

Tense Aspect
Future Prospective

The Fuspectum tense describes an event taking place after another event that is in the present or future.

Consequentative Future: Describes an action that will happen because of something else.

Consequence: Describes an action that is the consequence of previous actions

Future Result: Describes an action that has its condition still fullfilled in the future.

Neccesitive Future: Describes an action that must happen or highly likely to happen because of earlier events

Post-future: Describes an action that happens in the future after another one.


Cause Futurum Consequenta
Cause Futurum Consequenta
Cause Futurum Consequenta
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Historal Causum

Tense Aspect
Past Retrospective


Historal
Causum 		Consequence
Historal
Causum 		Consequence
Historal
Causum 		Consequence
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Past causative: Describes an action in the past being the cause of other events in time after.

Pre-past: Describes an action that happened in the past prior to another.

Historical: Describes an event that occured in the past and is accepted as historical fact.

Past Result: Expresses a past event that has its condition still fullfilled in the past ,I had washed myself (So I was still clean)

Futurum Initio

Tense Aspect
Future Inceptive

Initiate future: Describes an event that is started in the future.

Futurum Initio Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Initio

Tense Aspect
Present Inceptive
Future Continuative

Inceptive Present: Describes an action that is started in the present. "I am starting to walk"

Initio Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Conitnued future: Describes an action that will be continued in the future after havingbeen ceased prior. "I will conitnue walking"

Event Initio Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Progressive future: Describes an action that is progressed in the future. "I will be going"

Initio
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Close future: Describes an action that is about to happen in the close future. "I am to eat now"

Futurum Termius

Tense Aspect
Future Pausative
Terminative


Paused future: Describes an event or action that will be paused and then resumed in the future.

Event Futermius Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Terminated future: Describes an event or action that will be terminated in the future and never continued.

Event Futermius
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Non-existent future: Describes an event that is unlikely to ever occure and most likely never will.

Plerum

Tense Aspect
Future
Past
Present 		Genericative

The Plerum tense describes an event or state that is universal, habitual or recurrsive.

Universal: Expresses things that are universal, independed of time and space. "water boils at 100°"

Habitual: Expresses things that one does habitually. "I walk to work"

Cyclic: Expresses things that occures in a cyclic or semicyclic manner.

Plerum
Plerum Plerum Plerum Plerum Plerum Plerum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Ingressus

Tense Aspect
Past Pausative
Continuative

Paused action: Expresses an action that was temporarly paused. "I was walking and then stopped for icecream"

An action interrupted by another action: Expresses an action that was in progress when another action took place. "I was walking when he came along"


Event Ingressus Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Resumed action: Expresses an action that was resumed after having been stopped. "I continued walking"


Event Ingressus Event
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Progressed Past: Describes an action that was progressed in the past. "I was walking"

Ingressus
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Pausa

Tense Aspect
Present Pausative

The Pausa tense describes an event that is being paused in the present, about to be paused or has recently been paused.

Event Pausa
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →

Finitum

Tense Aspect
Present
Past 		Terminative

The Finitum tense describes an event that is being terminated, finished or stopped and an event that was stopped or finished in the past.

Event Finitum
Event Finitum
→ → Past → → → Now → → → Future → →
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