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Proto-Sjowaazhic
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Aesthetic: "ejective-Latino-Sanskrit with Polish consonants"
Sound changes
[needs updating]
- kʷēm-, ticx̌ur, nazges, λawp’es, caliłes, qʷ’el-, rōdes, lazet’es, p'ṛgʷes, q’eyōr
- k > kʲ > ts; kʷ > ʈʂ
- q > x, k' > ʔ, g > ɣ
- p > kʷ > k
- s z > x ɣ / {r u/w K i/y}_
- h > x; r > ɣ
- ɬ tɬ ɮ > ç cç ʝ > ɕ t͡ɕ ʑ
- final ɣ drops out and lengthens the vowel
- tʂēma, tiɕô, nazdzē, dʑawk’ē, tsaliɕē, ʔela, ɣōdē, lozet’ē, k’aʐdʐē, ʔejô
- uu > oo > aa > ee > ii > yee
- aaa, eee > aay, iii > uuy, ooo > aaw, uuu > iiw
- long diphthongs lose their offglides: aay aaw > aa, eey, eew > ee, iiw > ii, ooy, oow > oo. uuy > uu
PROTO-SHOEIC
- tʂīma, tiɕā, nazdzī, dʑawk’ī, tsaliɕī, ʔela, ɣādī, lozet’ī, k'aʐdʐī, ʔejā
- after ejectives, vowels shift because of creaky voice
- aa > ea, ee > iə, ii > üü, oo > əə, uu > oo
- a > ə, i > e, u > o
- noncreaky uu > üü; final -ii > üü
- tʂīma, tiɕā, nazdzǖ, dʑawk’ǖ, tsaliɕǖ, ʔəla, ɣādǖ, lozet’ǖ, k'əʐdʐǖ, ʔəjā
- ī, ǖ, ē palatalize >ʲī, ʲū, ʲē
- ā > ʲā, əə > ā
- ay > ē, aw > ō, oy uy > ī, iw > ʲū, ey > ʲē, ew > ʲō
- e > ʲa i > ʲɨ, a > o, o > u, u > ɨ, ə > a
- tʲ, cʲ > ć, dʲ, dzʲ > dź, sʲ > ś, zʲ > ź
- pʲ > t, bʲ > d, pʲ' > t'
- l > ł; lʲ > l; xʲ ɣʲ > ʂ ʐ
- ē > é; ī > í; ō > ó; ū > ó
- voicing distinction > aspiration/fortis
- Proto-Sjowaazhic: chiiñ, cyisya, nazjyoo, dzyook'oo, calisyoo, 'ala, ghaajyoo, lozyacy'oo, k'azjhoo, 'aya
Proto-Sjowaazhic