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Ín Duári: Difference between revisions
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Nouns inflect for gender, number and case. There are four main noun classes and three peripheral ones. The first four classes denote mostly humans, higher animals, lower animals and plants or natural phenomena, and natural inanimate objects. Nouns in the third class contains mostly body parts. The next two denote verbal nouns, abstract concepts, and miscellaneous objects. The final class contains only a few common nouns, mostly inanimate. | Nouns inflect for gender, number and case. There are four main noun classes and three peripheral ones. The first four classes denote mostly humans, higher animals, lower animals and plants or natural phenomena, and natural inanimate objects. Nouns in the third class contains mostly body parts. The next two denote verbal nouns, abstract concepts, and miscellaneous objects. The final class contains only a few common nouns, mostly inanimate. | ||
These nouns have been organized by traditional grammarians according to five declensions, each reflecting their general semantic domain and their inflectional paradigm. These are known as the ''Toma'', ''Reváni'', '' | These nouns have been organized by traditional grammarians according to five declensions, each reflecting their general semantic domain and their inflectional paradigm. These are known as the ''Toma'', ''Reváni'', ''Thúhar'', ''Chernwin'', ''Ardhen'' and ''Nieri'' Declensions. These declensions can generalized as follows: | ||
The | *The ''Toma''-class (''toma'' means "primary, foremost"), is reserved almost exclusively for humans and certain domesticated animals, mostly pets, which are often anthropomorphized. These nouns tend to possess a high level of agency, although a few exceptions occur, notably weapons. A little bit over a third of all Golahát nouns fall under this category. Nouns in the ''Toma-''class end in either a final ''-e'', ''-n'', ''-en'', or ''-ne'' in the nominative singular, depending on whether the root ends in a vowel or consonant. Notice that the Accusative is unmarked. Plurality is indicated by CV- reduplication of the first syllable of the root, plus an optional ''-ha'' final suffix added to the case suffix. | ||
*Higher animals, particularly mammals and birds, and humans that tend to lack or be deficient in agency, such as infants, make up the second noun class, the ''Reváni''-class (''reváni'' means "honored, honorable"). Unlike the ''Toma'' nouns, the Nominative case is unmarked while the Accusative is explicitly marked. | |||
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, or toponyms that are clearly of Golahát origin. | |||
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! colspan="2" | ''Toma'' Declension | ! colspan="2" | ''Toma'' Declension | ||
! colspan="2" | ''Reváni'' Declension | ! colspan="2" | ''Reváni'' Declension | ||
! colspan="2" | '' | ! colspan="2" | ''Thúhar'' Declension | ||
! colspan="2" | ''Chernwin'' Declension | ! colspan="2" | ''Chernwin'' Declension | ||
! colspan="2" | ''Ardhen'' Declension | ! colspan="2" | ''Ardhen'' Declension | ||
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| colspan="2" style="text-align: center|home | | colspan="2" style="text-align: center|home | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||