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Aeranir: Difference between revisions
→Uses of the gerund
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* E-grade verbs: {{gcl|ROOT|root}}''-ennū''; e.g. ''aquēhan'' ('to be open') → '''''aquennū''''' ('whilst open'). | * E-grade verbs: {{gcl|ROOT|root}}''-ennū''; e.g. ''aquēhan'' ('to be open') → '''''aquennū''''' ('whilst open'). | ||
===== Uses of the gerund ===== | ===== Uses of the gerund ===== | ||
The meaning of the gerund changes depending on its case. | The meaning of the gerund changes depending on its case. The essive and locative can be used to indicate temporal action in relation to the main action of a sentence. The essive indicates simultaneous action, i.e. two actions that cooccur. This may be relayed in English via the conjunction 'whilst.' | ||
:{{interlinear | box=yes | |||
| murran travannū pērintur pāliō mater quo | |||
| wall-ACC.SG walk-GER.ESS converse.PFV-MID.3PL governor-NOM.SG senator-NOM.SG <nowiki>=</nowiki>and | |||
|'Whilst they walked along the wall, the governor and senator conversed'}} | |||
This overlaps with the ''motīs'' + {{interlinear|IPFV.PTCP}} construction (see [[Aeranir#Uses of the participle|§ uses of the participle]]), e.g. ''murran travantur pērintur pāliō mater quo'' is synonymous with the above example. In contrast, the locative gerund is used to show actions beginning at the same time. This may be relayed with English 'when' or 'as.' | |||
:{{interlinear | box=yes | |||
| pālun cītiennīs auhēva sartī tuī cōrēssī | |||
| tree-ACC.SG cut-GER.LOC see-PFV-C.3SG knife-GEN.SG mine-T.GEN.SG break-PFV.MID.ACC.INF | |||
|'As I (began to) cut down the tree, I saw that my knife was broken'}} | |||
This differs from the ''motīs'' + {{interlinear|PFV.PTCP}} construction, which signals the main action starting at the end of the dependant one, i.e. ''pālun cīsus auhēva sartī tuī cōrēssī'' 'having cut down the tree I saw that my knife was broken.' | |||
In addition, the essive gerund may be used with the verb rēhan ('to do') in order to express an attempt, goal, or aim. In the perfective aspect, this is usually interpreted as a failed attempt. | |||
:{{interlinear | box=yes | |||
| rēvō salvan ā vitlās Īliānōvus iuvannū | |||
| do-PFV-MID.1SG book-ACC.SG over life-ABL.PL Ilian-GEN.PL write-GER.ESS | |||
|'I tried (but failed) to write a book about the lives of the Ilians.'}} | |||
==Semantics== | ==Semantics== | ||