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Aeranir: Difference between revisions
→Uses of the middle voice
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The meaning of a verb in the middle voice often depends on the context of the sentence and the lexical properties of the word itself. In its most basic sense, it may be used simply as a valancy decreasing operation. As transitive verbs require an object in the active voice (because transitive verbs must agree with the object), the middle voice may be used merely to omit an object, to highlight the subject or some other part of the sentence, or to simply make a blanket statement. | The meaning of a verb in the middle voice often depends on the context of the sentence and the lexical properties of the word itself. In its most basic sense, it may be used simply as a valancy decreasing operation. As transitive verbs require an object in the active voice (because transitive verbs must agree with the object), the middle voice may be used merely to omit an object, to highlight the subject or some other part of the sentence, or to simply make a blanket statement. | ||
* ''aed<u>aȥ</u>'' 'they love <u>me</u>' (''active'') → ''aed<u>or</u>'' '<u>I</u> love' (''middle'') | * '''''aed<u>aȥ</u>''''' 'they love <u>me</u>' (''active'') → '''''aed<u>or</u>''''' '<u>I</u> love' (''middle'') | ||
* ''leg<u>is</u>'' 'they<sub>i</sub> choose <u>them<sub>j</sub></u>' (''active'') → ''leg<u>ërur</u>'' '<u>they<sub>j</sub></u> choose' (''middle'') | * '''''leg<u>is</u>''''' 'they<sub>i</sub> choose <u>them<sub>j</sub></u>' (''active'') → '''''leg<u>ërur</u>''''' '<u>they<sub>j</sub></u> choose' (''middle'') | ||
[[w:Animacy|Animacy]] can play a major role in the meaning of a verb in the middle voice. Verbs with more animate subjects, such as people, animals, gods, etc., may be interpreted as more towards an active meaning, whilst less animate subjects, like inanimate objects or possessions, may be interpreted as more passive in meaning. | [[w:Animacy|Animacy]] can play a major role in the meaning of a verb in the middle voice. Verbs with more animate subjects, such as people, animals, gods, etc., may be interpreted as more towards an active meaning, whilst less animate subjects, like inanimate objects or possessions, may be interpreted as more passive in meaning. | ||
{{interlinear| number=1.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērur seus ars'' | {{interlinear| number=1.a.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērur seus ars'' | ||
| aug-ērur se-us ar[d]-s | | aug-'''ērur''' se-us ar[d]-s | ||
|see-MID.3SG.T this-T.NOM.SG wumbo-NOM.SG | |see-'''MID.3SG.T''' this-T.NOM.SG wumbo-NOM.SG | ||
|'That wumbo sees' | |'That wumbo sees' | ||
|c1 = (''more animate'')}} | |c1 = (''more animate'')}} | ||
{{interlinear| number=1.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērra sea salva'' | {{interlinear| number=1.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''augērra sea salva'' | ||
| aug-ērra se-a salv-a | | aug-'''ērra''' se-a salv-a | ||
|see-MID.3SG.C this-C.NOM.SG book-NOM.SG | |see-'''MID.3SG.C''' this-C.NOM.SG book-NOM.SG | ||
|'That book is seen' | |'That book is seen' | ||
|c1 = (''less animate'')}} | |c1 = (''less animate'')}} | ||
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{{interlinear| number=2.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''īdeor ponā gärīnī gellē'' | {{interlinear| number=2.b.) | style2 = color:DarkMagenta; | top=''īdeor ponā gärīnī gellē'' | ||
| īd-eor pon-ā gärīn-ī gellē | | īd-'''eor''' pon-ā gärīn-ī gellē | ||
|hear/listen-MID.1SG voice-ABL.SG friend-GEN.SG happily | |hear/listen-'''MID.1SG''' voice-ABL.SG friend-GEN.SG happily | ||
|'I like to hear (my) friend's voice' | |'I like to hear (my) friend's voice' | ||
|c1 = (''middle voice'')}} | |c1 = (''middle voice'')}} | ||