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Alvinian: Difference between revisions

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Alvinian (view source)

Revision as of 14:05, 27 December 2017

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==Personal Pronouns==
==Pronouns==
 
===Personal Pronouns===
Alvinian personal pronouns are inflected for '''number''' (''singular, dual, plural''), '''person''', '''case''' (''nominative, genitive, accusative, dative'') and the 3rd persons are inflected also for '''gender''' (''masculine/neuter, feminine'').
Alvinian personal pronouns are inflected for '''number''' (''singular, dual, plural''), '''person''', '''case''' (''nominative, genitive, accusative, dative'') and the 3rd persons are inflected also for '''gender''' (''masculine/neuter, feminine'').
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==Verbs==
====Subject Clitics====
====Subject Clitics====
Alvinian doesn't have any agreement morphology realised on the verb, that's why it developed a second serie of subject pronouns, which are clitic elements derived from full personal pronouns. These elements function only as markers of the agreement with the subject, and they are obligatorily realised in a sentence with a verb.
Alvinian has a second serie of subject pronouns, which are clitic elements derived from full personal pronouns. These elements function only as markers of the agreement with the subject, and they are obligatorily realised together with the verb in a sentence.
Subject Clitics are normally proclitic in declarative sentences (they come before the verb) and enclitic in interrogative sentences (they follow the verb).  
Subject Clitics are normally proclitic in declarative sentences (they come before the verb) and enclitic in interrogative sentences (they follow the verb).  
Subject Clitics are not inflected for case, since they always encode the relation of agreement with the subject, but they inflect for '''person''', '''number''' (''singular, dual, plural'') and the 3rd persons are also inflected for '''gender''' (''masculine, feminine, neuter)''.
Subject Clitics are not inflected for case, since they always encode the relation of agreement with the subject, but they inflect for '''person''', '''number''' (''singular, dual, plural'') and the 3rd persons are also inflected for '''gender''' (''masculine, feminine, neuter)''.
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In a sentence with a full pronominal subject or with a referential nominal subject, Subject Clitic has to be realised as well.
Subject Clitics are also called '''subject doublers''', since they have to be realised also in a sentence with an overt full pronominal subject or with an overt referential nominal subject.
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!
!
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==Verbs==
In questions the order is inverted: the verb comes before the Subject Clitics and they are written as a single word.
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!Declarative
!Interrogative
!Translation
|-
|'''''La''''' že
|Že'''''la'''''?
|'''''She''''' is. --> Is '''''she'''''?
|-
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===Finite Tenses===
===Finite Tenses===
Alvinian '''Present''' tense covers more or less the functions of English Present Simple and Present Continuous. Verbal morphology is very limited. Verbs in the present tense consist of a single form (the root) which is combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the full conjugation.
Alvinian '''Present''' tense covers more or less the functions of English Present Simple and Present Continuous. Verbal morphology is very limited. Verbs in the present tense consist of a single form (the stem) which is combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the full conjugation.
Alvinian '''Aorist''' covers more or less the functions of English Past Simple and Past Perfect. The form consists of the root of the verb with the addition of an ''-s'' morpheme at the end of it, and it has to be combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the conjugation.
Alvinian '''Aorist''' covers more or less the functions of English Past Simple and Past Perfect. The form consists of the stem of the verb with the addition of an ''-s'' morpheme at the end of it, and it has to be combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the conjugation.
The meaning of Alvinian '''Imperfect''' is that of a continuous or repeated action taking place in the past. The form consists of the root of the verb with the addition of a ''-k'' morpheme at the end of it,  and it has to be combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the conjugation.
The meaning of Alvinian '''Imperfect''' is that of a continuous or repeated action taking place in the past. The form consists of the stem of the verb with the addition of a ''-k'' morpheme at the end of it,  and it has to be combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the conjugation.
Alvinian '''Future''' tense covers all the meanings of actions taking place in the future. The form consists of the root of the verb with the addition of a ''-bo'' morpheme at the end of it, and it has to be combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the conjugation.
Alvinian '''Future''' tense covers all the meanings of actions taking place in the future. The form consists of the stem of the verb with the addition of a ''-bo'' morpheme at the end of it, and it has to be combined with Subject Clitics in order to give rise to the conjugation.
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 500px; "
!Verb "že" (to be)
!Verb "že" (to be)
AlbertVen
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