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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]<br/>
Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


{{Infobox language
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''jeosgat Anbirjeong''
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|familycolor=quihum
|fam1= [[Quihum languages|Quihum]]
|fam2= Talmic
|fam3= Tigolic
|script=Talmic alphabet
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''Anbirjeong'' /anbirjəŋ/) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Korean (particularly Sino-Korean), Swedish, and Irish. Compared to its relatives [[Skellan]] and [[Jiazuorian]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smaouch'' /i smaukh/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Anbir|Anbir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.
Flijeon River


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
Andaegol
==External history==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Snachian]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Skellan's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.


==Todo==
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?
<!--BLACKLIST: regVr, rigVr-->


*Numbers: kjeong, tjeoteor, nask, deuiv, solj, stang, rvad, lad, baerb, ngjor, jaking, knae
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'
*scaimh 'mountain' > skaeng
*obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k)
*Conjunctions that take pronominal suffixes, like Arabic ''ʔinna'' and ''ʔanna'' (or maybe Bhlaoighne)
*Swadesh list
*Tigol > {{SUBPAGENAME}} sound changes
<poem>
plus, {{SUBPAGENAME}} has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
but Maith Sivy always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} was completely replaced with 'scid'
ca-ephyth = of that
ca-leth = that (acc.)
ca-dzeth = in that; there
ma-, ca-, ta-, m-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ca-dzen souar
or "dze cin souar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
</poem>
a verbalizer like ''-ować''


*Verb prefixes:
brjedjeong
**''ar-'': on, at > ''ar-''
**''(deut.) as-'': telic > ''ys-''
**''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at > ''dze-'', ''do-''
**''é-'': with, co- > ''e-''
**''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly > ''fin-''
**''for-'': causative, through > ''for-''
**''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back > ''fl-''
**''imm-'': immediately > ''im-, m-, n-, ŋ-''
**''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out > ''gol-''
**''ro-'': down > ''ro-''
**''sol-'': a causative > ''sol-''
**''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards > ''su-''
**''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back > ''sor-''
**''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from > ''oc-''


Vowel reflexes:
sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean
*a e i o u > y jy ji u u
*ai ei oi ui > e ji e i
*á éa í(o) ó ú > a je ji o ou
*ái éi ói úi éu > ai ji oi oui jaou
*eá eó eói iú iúi > ja jo joi jou joui
*ae ao aoi > e aou eui
*ia ua uai > jeo veo vae


Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
====Radical consonants====
*'''k g ng''' /k g ŋ/
*g k ng /g kʰ ŋ/
*'''kj/tj gj/dj thj nj''' /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/
*gj kj ngj /dʑ tɕ ɲ/
*'''t d th n''' /t d θ n/
*d t n /d tʰ n/
*'''p b f v m''' /p b f v~w m/
*dj tj nj /dʐ tʂʰ ɲ/
*'''s sj/stj/skj h''' /s ɧ h/
*z c /dz tsʰ/
*'''r l -d j''' /ɾ l ð j/
*b p m /b pʰ m/
*f v s sj h /f v~w s ɧ h/
*r l lj j /r ɴ̆ j j/


At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.


sj = sje, etc.
/t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized).
 
====Lenited consonants====
*gh kh /ɣ x/
*ghj khj /j ɕ/
*dh th /ɣ ħ/
*dhj thj /ɹ ɧ/
*zh ch /z s/
*bh ph /v f/
*sh shj /z ɹ/
====Eclipsed consonants====
*n-g gk ng /ŋ g/
*n-gj gkj /ɲ d͡ʑ/
*nd dt /n d/
*ndj dtj /ɲ dʐ/
*zc /dz/
*mb bp m /m b/
*bhf ns nsj /v z ɹ/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
i eu u e/ae eo a o /i ɨ u e ə a o/
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li].
 
===Stress===
Stress is weak to nonexistent in Modern Anbirese.
 
===Pitch accent===
Pitch accent is phonemic in Anbirese, and often distinguishes different grammatical forms of the same word.
 
For example:
*''skaen'' /skěn/ (rising or peaking tone, starts low) = 'a friend (sg)'; ''n skaen'' /n skěn/ = 'the friend'
*''skáen'' /skén/ (high tone, falling off at the end) = 'friends (pl)'; ''eo skáen'' /ə skén/ = 'the friends'
 
==Dialectology==
===Dueum beopchik===
Reflecting the partially koineized origin of the language, Anbirese orthography is mostly based on dialects without ''dueum beopchik'' ('initial law', the Korean term for deletion of initial /r/, and/or initial /n/ before /i/ or /j/), a sound change due to [[Swutsim]] influence.
 
Dueum beopchik varies by dialect or accent: Cualuavian Anbirese has dueum beopchik for both initial ''r'' and initial ''nj'', whereas Talman Anbirese only tends to have it for initial ''r''. Some words have dueum beopchik even in dialects that do not normally have it, like ''i'' 'not' (from [[Tigol]] ''ní'').
 
In order to block dueum beopchik, loans from [[Tergetian]], [[Windermere]] and other languages that begin with ''r-'' tend to be modified to begin with ''eor-''. For example, Windermere ''prith'' becomes ''peorid'' 'autumn'.
 
==Orthography==
Anbirese is written in the Talmic alphabet.
 
==Vocabulary==
Anbirese is about as purist as German, though it has a fair helping of [[Swutsim]] loanwords. Anbirese vocabulary often uses compounding to disambiguate words that were made similar by dueum beopchik. Like in other Talman languages, academic vocabulary has more [[Häskä]] and [[Windermere]] loans.
 
==Morphology==
===Mutations===
Like Jiazuorian, Anbirese has spirant and nasal mutation.
 
===Nouns===
====Definite article====
The definite article is
*''eo'' before nasals and resonants: ''eo mar'' [ə̀ mǎɾ] 'the tree'
*''n'' before other consonants and before vowels: ''eon keoteor'' [ə̀n kə̀tə̂ɾ] 'the flower'; ''eon aveot'' [ə̀n àvə̂t] 'the book'
 
TODO: definite article mutations by gender
 
====Plural nouns====
A common way to pluralize nouns is by tone change:
 
*''mar'' /mǎɾ/ [mǎɾ] = a tree
*''már'' /máɾ/ [mâɾ] = trees
 
However, many plurals use suffixes or other changes:
*''íms'' /íms/ [îms] = a loved one
*''ímseod'' /ímsət/ [ímsə̀t] = loved ones
<!--
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural).  The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''
 
e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyvn'' 'woman', ''chyvnyr'' 'women'.
 
The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
 
Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-s, mar-ou, mar-i, mar-yth, mar-ym, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)
 
Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-s, mar-ph-ou, mar-ph-i, ...
 
''i marna'' = my tree
 
''i cythr suvn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
-->
 
===Adjectives===
Adjectives do not inflect at all.
 
Adverbs derived from adjectives are unchanged (as in German).
 
===Verbs===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} verbs have two tenses (nonpast and past) and two aspects (imperfective and perfective). The imperfective-perfective distinction is characterized by the absolute-conjunct allomorphy inherited from [[Tigol]]: As in Slavic languages, the perfective form is often formed by adding a prefix, which causes the verb stem to take the conjunct form. However, the perfective is sometimes marked with ablaut. Most {{SUBPAGENAME}} verbs thus have two principal parts: imperfective and perfective.
 
An example of the aspect allomorphy:
 
*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋi'', perfective ''simŋi''
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecai'', perfective ''ŋci''
 
Past tense: usually ''-n'' (can be syllabic) (but sometimes ablaut?)
 
*'to tell': imperfective ''boŋin'', perfective ''smŋin''
*'to eat': imperfective ''dzecain'', perfective ''ŋcin''
 
===Copula===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is zero copula in the present tense; ''ngu'', ''si'', ''jeo'' and ''thar'' can be used as present tense copulas.
 
The past tense copula is ''latheon'' and the infinitive is ''fath''.
 
===Pronouns===
na, skid, ngu, si, jeo, mekh, tid, skid, thar = I, you, he, she, it, we (exc), we (inc), you, they
 
There is also an archaic 2nd person singular pronoun ''fjeor'' 'thou'.
 
===Prepositions===
*le = accusative (le + i > len) (only used with definite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}})
**''le-na, (le-s,) l-ou, l-i, l-eth, l-em, lef, lec, lur''
*dze = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''dze-na, (dze-s,) dz-ou, dz-i, dz-eth, dze-m, dzef, dzec, dzur''
*e = to, for
**''ena, (ephys), ephou, ephi, epheth, ephym, efe, ephyc, ephur''
 
===Conjunctions===
 
==Syntax==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs.
===Negation===
The negation particle is ''da'' (preposed) for imperatives and ''tzin'' (preposed; from Tigol *ter ní- 'not once') otherwise.
 
===Questions===
Wh-words are fronted. Yes-no questions use a question particle ''sm'' (< Tigol ''is'' question particle + ''imb'' complementizer) before the sentence.
 
===Wishes/Jussive===
Wishes can be formed by using ''toumid'' (< Tigol ''tuabh mít'' 'who will grant') before a verb in the non-past tense.
 
===Word order===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} word order is primarily SVO, but may be VSO in more archaic or literary usage.
 
===Accusative with infinitive===
The accusative particle ''le'' can be used to introduce the subject of a dependent clause. The verb of the dependent clause is preceded by the particle ''e'' 'to'.
 
:'''''Na docn le mrothr e slav eph Intar.'''''
:1SG think.IPFV ACC apple-PL INF good to I.
:''I think Intar likes apples.''
 
===Preposition + verb clauses===
A preposition may be used with a verb followed by a possessive suffix indexing the subject, as in Hebrew and Irish.
 
An example with ''dze'' 'at':
:'''''dze argiarna ar i loichou'''''
:at keep_watch.IPFV-1SG on DEF stuff-3SG.M
:''when I was keeping watch on his belongings''


[[Category:Tricin]]
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! rowspan="2" |Central
! rowspan="2" |Back
|-
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
! style="" |Close
| '''i''' /i/
| '''u''' /ü/
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
| '''o''' /o~u/
|-
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
! style="" |Open
|
|
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|
|}
IlL
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