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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]<br/>
Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


{{Infobox language
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''Jeosgat Anbirjeom''
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|familycolor=quihum
|fam1= [[Quame languages|Quame]]
|fam2= Talmic
|fam3= Tigolic
|script=Talmic alphabet
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''Anbirjeom'' /ànbirjəm/ [ànbírjəm]) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Korean (particularly Sino-Korean), Swedish, and Irish. Compared to its relatives [[Skellan]] and [[Qenian]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smauk'' /i smauk/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Anbir|Anbir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.
Flijeon River


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
Andaegol
==External history==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Snachian]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Skellan's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.


==Todo==
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?
*flower: ''kadir''
*ot, od > vat, vad
*Numbers: kjeom, tjeodeor, nask, dyv, solj, stam, rvað, lað, berb, ngjor, jachim, kne
*scaimh 'mountain' > skeγ
*obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k)
*Conjunctions that take pronominal suffixes, like Arabic ''ʔinna'' and ''ʔanna'' (or maybe Bhlaoighne)
*Swadesh list
*Tigol > {{SUBPAGENAME}} sound changes
<poem>
plus, {{SUBPAGENAME}} has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
but Maith Sivy always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} was completely replaced with 'scid'
ca-ephyth = of that
ca-leth = that (acc.)
ca-dzeth = in that; there
ma-, ca-, ta-, m-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ca-dzen souar
or "dze cin souar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
</poem>
a verbalizer like ''-ować''


*Verb prefixes:
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'
**''ar-'': on, at > ''ar-''
**''(deut.) as-'': telic > ''ys-''
**''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at > ''dze-'', ''do-''
**''é-'': with, co- > ''e-''
**''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly > ''fin-''
**''for-'': causative, through > ''for-''
**''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back > ''fl-''
**''imm-'': immediately > ''im-, m-, n-, ŋ-''
**''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out > ''gol-''
**''ro-'': down > ''ro-''
**''sol-'': a causative > ''sol-''
**''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards > ''su-''
**''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back > ''sor-''
**''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from > ''oc-''


Vowel reflexes:
brjedjeong
*a e i o u > y jy ji u u
*ai ei oi ui > e ji e i
*á éa í(o) ó ú > a je ji o ou
*ái éi ói úi éu > ai ji oi oui jaou
*eá eó eói iú iúi > ja jo joi jou joui
*ae ao aoi > e eu eui
*ia ua uai > jeo veo vae


sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean
Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
====Radical consonants====
*'''k g ng''' /k g ŋ/
*k χ ng /k x ŋ/
*'''kj/tj gj/dj thj nj''' /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/
*kj χj ngj /tɕ ɕ ɲ/
*'''t d th n''' /t d θ n/
*t þ n /t θ n/
*'''p b f v m''' /p b f v~w m/
*tj þj nj /tɕ ɕ ɲ/
*'''s sj/stj/skj h''' /s ɧ h/
*c /ts/
*'''r l -d j''' /ɾ l ð j/
*p f m /f m/
*s sj h /s ɧ h/
*r l lj j /r ɴ̆ j j/
 
At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
 
sj = sje, etc.


====Lenited consonants====
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.
*g γ /g ɣ/
*gj γj /d͡ʑ j/
*d z /d z/
*dj zj /d͡ʑ ɹ/
*b v /b v/
*bj vj /bj vj/


====Eclipsed consonants====
/t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized).
*ng ngh /ŋ ŋʰ/
*nj njh /ɲ ɲʰ/
*n nh /n nʰ/
*m mh /m mʰ/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
i y u e eo a o æ œ /i ɨ ü e ə~ʌ~ɔ a o~u ɛ~e ø/
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li].


===Stress===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
Stress is weak to nonexistent in Modern Anbirese.
|-
 
! rowspan="2" |
===Pitch accent===
! colspan="2" |Front
Pitch accent is phonemic in Standard Anbirese, and often distinguishes different grammatical forms of the same word.
! rowspan="2" |Central
 
! rowspan="2" |Back
Each word has one of two possible pitch accents:
|-
#Rising (or low, or peaking): starts low and rises, peaks at the second syllable; unmarked
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
#High: high and level, falls off word-finally, transcribed with an acute accent
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
 
|-
For example:
! style="" |Close
*''skaen'' /skěn/ (rising tone) = 'a friend (sg)'; ''n skaen'' /ən skěn/ = 'the friend'
| '''i''' /i/
*''skáen'' /skén/ (high tone) = 'friends (pl)'; ''n skáen'' /ən skén/ = 'the friends'
| '''u''' /ü/
*''ael'' (rising tone) = 'loves (present tense)'
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
*''áel'' (high tone) = 'loved (past tense)'
| '''o''' /o~u/
A handful of dialects lack pitch accent.
 
===Intonation===
*General fall: declarative clauses
*General rise: dependent clauses
*Interrogative: interrogative clauses
 
==Dialectology==
==Orthography==
Anbirese is written in the Talmic alphabet.
 
==Vocabulary==
Anbirese is about as purist as German, though it has a fair helping of [[Swuntsim]] loanwords. Anbirese vocabulary often uses compounding to disambiguate words that were made similar by dueum beopchik. Like in other Talman languages, academic vocabulary has more [[Tseezh]] and [[Windermere]] loans.
 
==Morphology==
===Mutations===
Like Qenian, Anbirese has lenition and nasal mutation.
 
===Nouns===
====Definite article====
Regardless of gender and number, the definite article is
*''eo'' before nasals and resonants: ''eo mar'' [ə̀ mǎɾ] 'the tree'
*''n'' before other consonants and before vowels: ''n keotir'' [ə̀n kə̀tɕîɾ] 'the flower'; ''n aveot'' [nàvə̂t] 'the book'
 
TODO: definite article mutations by gender
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
|+ '''Definite article'''
! rowspan=2 | || colspan="3" | singular || colspan="3" | plural
|-
|-
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
|-
! nom.
! style="" |Open
| eclipsis || lenition || no mut. || no mut. || no mut.|| eclipsis
|  
|  
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|  
|}
|}
====Plural nouns====
A common way to pluralize nouns is by tone change. This is the default paradigm for loans.
*''mar'' /mǎɾ/ [mǎɾ] = a tree
*''már'' /máɾ/ [mâɾ] = trees
However, many plurals use suffixes or other changes:
*''íms'' /íms/ [îms] = a loved one
*''imseot'' /ǐmsət/ [ìmsə̂t] = loved ones (some dialects use ''ímseot'')
<!--
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural).  The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''
e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyvn'' 'woman', ''chyvnyr'' 'women'.
The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-s, mar-ou, mar-i, mar-yth, mar-ym, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)
Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-s, mar-ph-ou, mar-ph-i, ...
''i marna'' = my tree
''i cythr suvn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
-->
===Adjectives===
Adjectives do not inflect at all.
Adverbs derived from adjectives are unchanged (as in German).
TODO: degree words
===Verbs===
Verbs are conservative and similar to [[Qenian]], with synthetic forms instead of analytic constructions as in [[Skellan]].
====Split-ergativity====
Anbirese has split-ergativity: past forms display ergative alignment, and non-past forms have accusative alignment.
===Copula===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is zero copula in the present tense; ''ngu'', ''si'', ''jeo'' and ''thar'' can be used as present tense copulas.
The past tense copula is ''latheon'' and the infinitive is ''fath''.
===Pronouns===
na, skid, ngu, si, jeo, mekh, tid, skid, thar = I, you, he, she, it, we (exc), we (inc), you, they
There is also an archaic 2nd person singular pronoun ''fjeor'' 'thou'.
===Prepositions===
*ljeo = accusative (ljeo + n > ljeon) (only used with definite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}})
**''ljeo-na, (ljeo-s,) lj-u, l-i, lj-eot, lj-eom, ljeof, ljeok, ljur''
*djeo = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''djeo-na, (deo-s,) dj-u, d-i, dj-eot, dj-eom, djeof, djeok, djur''
*e = to, for
**''ena, (ephys), ephou, ephi, epheth, ephym, efe, ephyc, ephur''
===Conjunctions===
==Syntax==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs.
===Negation===
The negation particle is ''da'' (preposed) for imperatives and ''tzin'' (preposed; from Tigol *ter ní- 'not once') otherwise.
===Questions===
Wh-words are fronted. Yes-no questions use a question particle ''sm'' (< Tigol ''is'' question particle + ''imb'' complementizer) before the sentence.
===Wishes/Jussive===
Wishes can be formed by using ''toumid'' (< Tigol ''tuabh mít'' 'who will grant') before a verb in the non-past tense.
===Word order===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} word order is primarily SVO, but may be VSO in more archaic or literary usage.
===Accusative with infinitive===
The accusative particle ''le'' can be used to introduce the subject of a dependent clause. The verb of the dependent clause is preceded by the particle ''e'' 'to'.
:'''''Na docn le mrothr e slav eph Intar.'''''
:1SG think.IPFV ACC apple-PL INF good to I.
:''I think Intar likes apples.''
===Preposition + verb clauses===
A preposition may be used with a verb followed by a possessive suffix indexing the subject, as in Hebrew and Irish.
An example with ''dze'' 'at':
:'''''dze argiarna ar i loichou'''''
:at keep_watch.IPFV-1SG on DEF stuff-3SG.M
:''when I was keeping watch on his belongings''
[[Category:Tricin]]
IlL
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