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[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Wordlist]]<br/>
Anglo-Swedo-Sino-Korean jokelang; include a xenic layer from a Pama-Nyungan-like language Dårle
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Swadesh list]]<br/>
[[{{FULLPAGENAME}}/Names]]<br/>


{{Infobox language
Use "Fljeongmjeongths" somewhere
|image =
|imagesize =
|creator = [[User:IlL|IlL]]
|name = {{PAGENAME}}
|nativename = ''Jeosgat Anbirjeom''
|pronunciation=
|setting = [[Verse:Tricin]]
|region = Talma
|familycolor=quihum
|fam1= [[Quame languages|Quame]]
|fam2= Talmic
|fam3= Tigolic
|script=Talmic alphabet
|iso3=
|notice=IPA
}}


'''{{SUBPAGENAME}}''' (''Anbirjeom'' /ànbirjəm/ [ànbírjəm]) is a major [[Talmic]] language descended from [[Tigol]], inspired by Korean (particularly Sino-Korean), Swedish, and Irish. Compared to its relatives [[Skellan]] and [[Qenian]], it has a relatively conservative verb system. On the planet of [[Verse:Tricin|Tricin]] ({{SUBPAGENAME}}: ''i Smauk'' /i smauk/), it is an analogue of German in terms of influence. {{SUBPAGENAME}} is the official language of the Talman nation [[Verse:Tricin/Anbir|Anbir]] and of former colonies in Cualuav and Txapoalli; it is the second-largest Talmic language in terms of number of speakers. Like most modern Talmic languages, {{SUBPAGENAME}} is a descendant of [[Thensarian]]. Like with German, there is a Standard {{SUBPAGENAME}} and various regiolects.
Flijeon River


Thanks in large part to the printing press, Modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} rapidly gained prominence over a larger area in Northern Talma and came to serve as a lingua franca for northern mainland Talma. Today, {{SUBPAGENAME}} still enjoys status as a "cultured" language and is one of the most widely taught foreign languages.
Andaegol
==External history==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} began as ''Tíogall'', which was a thought experiment posing the question "What would Irish look like with umlaut instead of palatalization?". For a while it developed as an Irish-German hybrid. At one point I decided to remove all "giblangs" from modern Tricin, or languages with the aesthetics of one natlang (unless the premise was funny, like [[Snachian]] or [[Clofabosin]]). Since Tíogall was basically an Irish with German characteristics, it was abandoned. I still felt that Talmic languages needed somewhat more internal diversity (in particular, a "German" analogue to Skellan's "English"), so I decided to revive this project as "Anvyrese" or "Anvirese". One thing that was still nagging me was that the grammar was still too German for a country with a Germany-like history, so I decided to swap a minority Tigolic language "Tumaka" with "Anvirese", and this is the result.


==Todo==
Mjeolnir 'big hammer' -- hammer that periodically destroys the world (Sino-Korean myeol 'to wipe out') in Anbirese mythology?
*flower: ''kadir''
*ot, od > vat, vad
*Numbers: kjeom, tjeodeor, nask, dyv, solj, stam, rvað, lað, berb, ngjor, jachim, kne
*scaimh 'mountain' > skeγ
*obey < TELIC + 'listen' (like in Þiús'k)
*Conjunctions that take pronominal suffixes, like Arabic ''ʔinna'' and ''ʔanna'' (or maybe Bhlaoighne)
*Swadesh list
*Tigol > {{SUBPAGENAME}} sound changes
<poem>
plus, {{SUBPAGENAME}} has "accusativus in infinitivo"!
le could be omitted before indefinite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
but Maith Sivy always used it
that's one way of distinguishing archaic from modern {{SUBPAGENAME}}
another could be the use of the pronoun 'fiar'
which in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}} was completely replaced with 'scid'
ca-ephyth = of that
ca-leth = that (acc.)
ca-dzeth = in that; there
ma-, ca-, ta-, m-compounds: this, that, what, which
in that house = ca-dzen souar
or "dze cin souar"
both are valid
the first being more archaic
</poem>
a verbalizer like ''-ować''


*Verb prefixes:
Mjeolbon 'Melbourne'
**''ar-'': on, at > ''ar-''
**''(deut.) as-'': telic > ''ys-''
**''(prot.) de-, (deut.) do-'': in, at > ''dze-'', ''do-''
**''é-'': with, co- > ''e-''
**''fin-''/''sin-'' = well, thoroughly > ''fin-''
**''for-'': causative, through > ''for-''
**''(prot.) ful-, (deut.) fol-'': around, back > ''fl-''
**''imm-'': immediately > ''im-, m-, n-, ŋ-''
**''(prot.) gel-, (deut.) gol-'': up, out > ''gol-''
**''ro-'': down > ''ro-''
**''sol-'': a causative > ''sol-''
**''(prot.) su-, (deut.) so-'': towards > ''su-''
**''(prot.) sur-, (deut.) sor-'': back > ''sor-''
**''(prot.) u(cc)-, (deut.) oc-'': from > ''oc-''


Vowel reflexes:
brjedjeong
*a e i o u > y jy ji u u
*ai ei oi ui > e ji e i
*á éa í(o) ó ú > a je ji o ou
*ái éi ói úi éu > ai ji oi oui jaou
*eá eó eói iú iúi > ja jo joi jou joui
*ae ao aoi > e eu eui
*ia ua uai > jeo veo vae


sjeong - sky, skjeong - to clean
Daerjeong-eup: town located where our timeline's Dwellingup is
==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
===Consonants===
====Radical consonants====
*'''k g ng''' /k g ŋ/
*k χ ng /k x ŋ/
*'''kj/tj gj/dj thj nj''' /tɕ d͡ʑ ɕ ɲ/
*kj χj ngj /tɕ ɕ ɲ/
*'''t d th n''' /t d θ n/
*t þ n /t θ n/
*'''p b f v m''' /p b f v~w m/
*tj þj nj /tɕ ɕ ɲ/
*'''s sj/stj/skj h''' /s ɧ h/
*c /ts/
*'''r l -d j''' /ɾ l ð j/
*p f m /f m/
*s sj h /s ɧ h/
*r l lj j /r ɴ̆ j j/
 
At word-final position, the voicing distinction in unaspirated plosives is lost, and unaspirated plosives are unreleased.
 
sj = sje, etc.


====Lenited consonants====
[w] is an allophone of hard /v/ after consonants.
*g γ /g ɣ/
*gj γj /d͡ʑ j/
*d z /d z/
*dj zj /d͡ʑ ɹ/
*b v /b v/
*bj vj /bj vj/


====Eclipsed consonants====
/t d tʰ s z n/ are dental(ized).
*ng ngh /ŋ ŋʰ/
*nj njh /ɲ ɲʰ/
*n nh /n nʰ/
*m mh /m mʰ/


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
i eu u e eo a o æ œ /i ɨ ü e ə~ʌ~ɔ a o~u ɛ~e ø/
Anbirese has 7 vowel phonemes. ''eu'' /ɨ/ may be treated as a hard counterpart of ''i'' /i/: ''mi ni pi ti ki bi di gi fi vi'' are read as ''mji nji pji tji kji bji dji gji fji vji''. ''si zi li'' are an exception: they're pronounced [ɕi ʑi li].


===Stress===
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
Stress is weak to nonexistent in Modern Anbirese.
|-
 
! rowspan="2" |
===Pitch accent===
! colspan="2" |Front
Pitch accent is phonemic in Standard Anbirese, and often distinguishes different grammatical forms of the same word.
! rowspan="2" |Central
 
! rowspan="2" |Back
Each word has one of two possible pitch accents:
#Rising (or low, or peaking): starts low and rises, peaks at the second syllable; unmarked
#High: high and level, falls off word-finally, transcribed with an acute accent
 
For example:
*''skaen'' /skěn/ (rising tone) = 'a friend (sg)'; ''n skaen'' /ən skěn/ = 'the friend'
*''skáen'' /skén/ (high tone) = 'friends (pl)'; ''n skáen'' /ən skén/ = 'the friends'
*''ael'' (rising tone) = 'loves (present tense)'
*''áel'' (high tone) = 'loved (past tense)'
A handful of dialects lack pitch accent.
 
===Intonation===
*General fall: declarative clauses
*General rise: dependent clauses
*Interrogative: interrogative clauses
 
==Dialectology==
==Orthography==
Anbirese is written in the Talmic alphabet.
 
==Vocabulary==
Anbirese is about as purist as German, though it has a fair helping of [[Swuntsim]] loanwords. Anbirese vocabulary often uses compounding to disambiguate words that were made similar by dueum beopchik. Like in other Talman languages, academic vocabulary has more [[Tseezh]] and [[Windermere]] loans.
 
==Morphology==
===Mutations===
Like Qenian, Anbirese has lenition and nasal mutation.
 
===Nouns===
====Definite article====
Regardless of gender and number, the definite article is
*''eo'' before nasals and resonants: ''eo mar'' [ə̀ mǎɾ] 'the tree'
*''n'' before other consonants and before vowels: ''n keozir'' [ə̀n kə̀ʑîɾ] 'the flower'; ''n abeot'' [nàbə̂t] 'the book'
 
TODO: definite article mutations by gender
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"  
|+ '''Definite article'''
! rowspan=2 | || colspan="3" | singular || colspan="3" | plural
|-
|-
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>unrounded</small>
! style="width: 45px; " |<small>rounded</small>
|-
|-
! nom.
! style="" |Close
| eclipsis || lenition || no mut. || no mut. || no mut.|| eclipsis
| '''i''' /i/
|}
| '''u''' /ü/
 
| '''eu''' [ɨ]
 
| '''o''' /o~u/
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"  
|+ '''Definite article examples'''
! rowspan=2 | || colspan="3" | singular || colspan="3" | plural
|-
|-
! m. || f. || n. || m. || f. || n.
! style="" |Mid
| '''ae, e''' /e̞/
| '''ö''' /ø~œ/
| '''eo''' [ə]
| '''eo''' /ʌ~ɔ/
|-
|-
! nom.
! style="" |Open
| eclipsis || ''eo gaz'' || ''n keozir'' || no mut. || ''eo kaz'' || ''eo nghéozir''
|  
|  
| '''a''' /ɐ/
|  
|}
|}
====Plural nouns====
A common way to pluralize nouns is by tone change. This is the default paradigm for loans.
*''mar'' /mǎɾ/ [mǎɾ] = a tree
*''már'' /máɾ/ [mâɾ] = trees
However, many plurals use suffixes or other changes:
*''íms'' /íms/ [îms] = a loved one
*''imseot'' /ǐmsət/ [ìmsə̂t] = loved ones (some dialects use ''ímseot'')
<!--
Nouns only have two states (absolute and construct) and two numbers (singular and plural).  The usual affixes are:
*plural absolute: ''-r''
*singular construct: ''-(y)th''
*plural construct: ''-(y)ph''
e.g. ''cythr'' 'flower', ''cythryr'' 'flowers'; ''chyvn'' 'woman', ''chyvnyr'' 'women'.
The definite article is always ''i'', or ''in'' before a V or after a preposition.
Possessive suffixes: mar-na, mar-s, mar-ou, mar-i, mar-yth, mar-ym, mar-fe, mar-yc, mar-ur (or mar-thur)
Plural: mar-ph-yna, mar-ph-s, mar-ph-ou, mar-ph-i, ...
''i marna'' = my tree
''i cythr suvn-yna'' = my beautiful flower
-->
===Adjectives===
Adjectives do not inflect at all.
Adverbs derived from adjectives are unchanged (as in German).
TODO: degree words
===Verbs===
Verbs are conservative and similar to [[Cièdian]], with synthetic forms instead of analytic constructions as in [[Skellan]].
====Split-ergativity====
Anbirese has split-ergativity: perfective verbs display ergative alignment, and imperfective verbs have accusative alignment.
That is, the subject is marked with the preposition ''u'' for transitive verbs, and is unmarked for intransitive verbs. In the case of transitive verbs, the ergative marking occurs regardless of whether or not there is a direct object.
Examples:
{{col-begin}}
{{col-break}}
'''Transitive verbs'''
:''Xabin '''u''' na.''
:eat.PRET ERG 1SG
:'I have eaten.'
:''Xabin '''u''' na n sáeng.''
:eat.PRET ERG 1SG DEF bread
:'I have eaten the bread.'
:''A tjéobrjeong '''u''' na n kéolsjang χa.''
:but leave.PRET ERG 1SG DEF glh_schanng there
:'But I left the kefir-soaked Bjeheondian salad there.'
{{col-break}}
'''Intransitive verbs'''
:''Eoseong eo már.''
:die.PRET DEF tree/PL
:'The trees died.'
:''Farjeogin meo nóγeol χaltan.''
:return.PRET 1PL.EXC.POSS dog/PL at_last
:'Our dogs finally returned.'
{{col-end}}
===Copula===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is zero copula in the present tense; ''ngu'', ''si'', ''jeo'' and ''thar'' can be used as present tense copulas.
The past tense copula is ''latheon'' and the infinitive is ''fath''.
===Pronouns===
na, skid, ngu, si, jeo, mekh, tid, skid, thar = I, you, he, she, it, we (exc), we (inc), you, they
There is also an archaic 2nd person singular pronoun ''fjeor'' 'thou'.
===Prepositions===
*ljeo = accusative (ljeo + n > ljeon) (only used with definite nouns in modern {{SUBPAGENAME}})
**''ljeo-na, (ljeo-s,) lj-u, l-i, lj-eot, lj-eom, ljeof, ljeok, ljur''
*djeo = in, at (dze + i > dzen)
**''djeo-na, (deo-s,) dj-u, d-i, dj-eot, dj-eom, djeof, djeok, djur''
*e = to, for
**''ena, (ephys), ephou, ephi, epheth, ephym, efe, ephyc, ephur''
===Conjunctions===
==Syntax==
{{SUBPAGENAME}} is particularly rich in non-finite subordinate clause constructions, which may be used when English uses subordinate clauses with finite verbs.
===Negation===
The negation particle is ''ta'' (preposed) for imperatives and ''þri'' (preposed; from Tigol *ter ia- 'not once') otherwise.
===Questions===
Wh-words are fronted. Yes-no questions use a question particle ''sjeom'' (< Tigol ''is'' question particle + ''imb'' complementizer) before the sentence.
===Wishes/Jussive===
Wishes can be formed by using ''þumi'' (< Tigol ''tuabh mít'' 'who will grant') before a verb in the non-past tense.
===Word order===
{{SUBPAGENAME}} word order is primarily SVO, but may be VSO in more archaic or literary usage.
===Accusative with infinitive===
The accusative particle ''ljeo'' can be used to introduce the subject of a dependent clause. The verb of the dependent clause is preceded by the particle ''e'' 'to'.
:'''''Na togn ljeo mrôd e slam aeb Inþár.'''''
:1SG think.IPFV ACC apple-PL INF good to I.
:''I think Intar likes apples.''
===Preposition + verb clauses===
A preposition may be used with a verb followed by a possessive suffix indexing the subject, as in Hebrew and Irish.
An example with ''tjeo'' 'at':
:'''''tjeo h-argjeorn na ar i lóegu'm'''''
:at keep_watch.IPFV-1SG 1SG on DEF stuff-3SG.M 3SG.M
:''when I was keeping watch on his things''
[[Category:Tricin]]
IlL
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