@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-{{stub}}
 {{Infobox language
 | name = Ancient Sohcahtoan
-| nativename = fē sō-ktã-gū
+| nativename = pē sō-ktã-gū
-| pronunciation = ˈfeːsoːktəguː
+| pronunciation = ˈpeːsoːktəguː
 | pronunciation_key = IPA for Sohcahtoan
-| state = Republic of Sohcahtoa
+| state = Republic of Sohcahtoa, São Martim
 | created = 2023
+| speakers = 2,300
+| date = 2023
+| creator = User:Jukethatbox
 | familycolor = Altaic
-| fam1 = [[w:Altaic languages|Altaic]]
 | fam2 = [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]]
 | fam3 = ''part.'' Ryukyuan
 | fam4 = Sohcahtoic
 | ancestor = Proto-Sohcahtoic
-| creator = [[User:Jukethatbox|Jukethatbox]]
+| agency = ASRO/ORAS
-| script = Latin
+| minority = São Martim, Portugal
+| script1 = Latn
 | notice = IPA
 }}
-'''Ancient Sohcahtoan''' is a [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] language that is the precursor of [[Sohcahtoan]]. Nowadays, it is used for solely ceremonial purposes at festivals, and no one actually uses it in everyday speech. Although much of the language has been reconstructed from various works of literature in Ancient Sohcahtoan, some of the lexical base has been [[w:Comparative method|comparatively reconstructed]] from modern Sohcahtoan and some [[w:Ryukyuan languages|Ryukyuan]] languages.
+'''Ancient Sohcahtoan''' is a [[w:Japonic languages|Japonic]] language that is the precursor of [[Sohcahtoan]]. Nowadays, it is used for solely ceremonial purposes at festivals, and no one actually uses it in everyday speech. Much of Ancient Sohcahtoan has been documented verbally, however some words have been comparatively reconstructed from modern Sohcahtoan. These comparatively reconstructed words are marked with an "'''*'''"(asterisk) at the beginning of a word.
-<!-- ***Phonology*** -->
-<!-- What sounds does your language use? -->
-<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories:
-Vowel inventory
-Consonant inventory
-Syllable structure
-Stress
-Intonation
--->
 ==Phonology==
 ===Orthography===
 Whereas modern Sohcahtoan uses the three [[w:Japanese writing system | Japanese scripts]], Ancient Sohcahtoan was probably written using a rudimentary runic alphabet to represent the phonology. However, as the Japanese scripts began to heavily influence Sohcahtoan, the runes fell out of use in favour of Hiragana, Katakana and Kanji, which led to vowel and consonant change, e.g. ʂ -> ʃ and the complete dropping of [ə](ã) and [u], the former turned into [eoː] and the latter into [ɯ].
+In modern times, linguists began recording Ancient Sohcahtoan with the Portuguese Latin script, which probably originates from Portuguese colonisers on the island of '''São Martim''', where Ancient Sohcahtoan was preserved due to general Portuguese non-interference, compared to on the mainland where the language quickly began to adapt to Japanese scripts, which all but wiped out Ancient Sohcahtoan on the mainland.
+==== Alphabet ====
+Ã and ã(from [[w:Portuguese language|Portuguese]]) represents the [ə] sound. Letters with "-" diacritics represent [[w:Vowel length|elongated vowels]], e.g. ⟨ā⟩, ⟨ē⟩, ⟨ū⟩, and ⟨ō⟩.
+{|class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
+! '''Majuscule'''
+| A || Ā || Ã
+| B
+| K
+| D
+| E || Ē
+| G
+| I
+| K
+| M
+| N
+| O || Ō
+| P
+| R
+| S
+| T
+| U || Ū
+| Y
+| Z
+|-
+! '''Minuscule'''
+| a || ā || ã
+| b
+| k
+| d
+| e || ē
+| g
+| i
+| k
+| m
+| n
+| o || ō
+| p
+| r
+| s
+| t
+| u || ū
+| y
+| z
+|}
 ===Consonants===
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
@@ Line 40: / Line 79: @@
 ! colspan="2" | [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Post-<br>alveolar]]/<br>[[w:Palatal consonant|palatal]]
 ! colspan="2" | [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]]
-! colspan="2" | [[w:Glottal consonant|Glottal]]
 |-
 ! [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar nasal|n]]
-| colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
@@ Line 54: / Line 91: @@
 | colspan="2" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | &nbsp;[[w:Voiceless velar stop|k]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced velar stop|ɡ]]
-| style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Glottal stop|ʔ]]
 |-
 ! [[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]]
 | colspan="2" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant affricate|t͡s]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
@@ Line 67: / Line 102: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless alveolar sibilant|s]] || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar sibilant|z]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | [[w:Voiceless retroflex fricative|ʂ]] || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
@@ Line 76: / Line 110: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| colspan="2" |
 |-
 ! [[w:Lateral consonant|Lateral]]
@@ Line 82: / Line 115: @@
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar lateral approximant|l]]
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" |
-| colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
 |-
@@ Line 88: / Line 120: @@
 | colspan="2" |
 | style="border-right: 0;" | || style="border-left: 0;" | [[w:Voiced alveolar tap or flap|ɾ]]
-| colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
 | colspan="2" |
@@ Line 98: / Line 129: @@
 |-
 ! [[w:Close vowel|Close]]
-| colspan="2"| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]|| || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] ([[w:Close back unrounded vowel|ɯ]])
+| colspan="2"| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]]|| || [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]]
 |-
 ! [[w:Close-mid vowel|Close-mid]]
 | colspan="2"| [[w:Close-mid front unrounded vowel|e]] || || [[w:Close-mid back rounded vowel|o]]
 |-
+! [[w:Mid vowel|Mid]]
+| colspan="2"| || [[w:Mid central vowel|ə]] ||
 |-
 ! [[w:Open vowel|Open]]
-| colspan="2" | || [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] ||
+| colspan="2" | [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] || ||
 |}
-All vowels in Ancient Sohcahtoan(except [i] and [) have elongated versions, those being ''ō''([oː]), ''ā''([aː]), ''ē''([eː]) and ''ū''([ɯː]).
+All vowels in Ancient Sohcahtoan(except [i] and [ə]) have elongated versions, those being ''ō''([oː]), ''ā''([aː]), ''ē''([eː]) and ''ū''([uː]).
 ===Prosody===
 ====Stress====
-====Intonation====
+Ancient Sohcahtoan is a [[w:Stress (linguistics)|prototonic]] language, meaning stress is placed on the first syllable of a word. This feature has been inherited by modern [[Sohcahtoan]].
 ===Phonotactics===
 <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
-===Morphophonology===
+Ancient Sohcahtoan, contrary to its more widely spoken descendant, uses the structure of '''(C)V(C)''' for syllables, which is quite different from modern [[Sohcahtoan]]'s '''(C)V''' syllabic structure.
-==Morphology==
-<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
+Additionally, the [ɾ] sound can only be succeeded by a vowel, hence the word ''kãkã''-'''''rã''''' does not fit in the (C)V(C) structure.
+====Examples====
+Ancient Sohcahtoan ''*kak'' → [[Sohcahtoan]] '''kā'', meaning "red".
+Ancient Sohcahtoan ''ãkom'' → Sohcahtoan ''eōko'',  meaning "blue".
-<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
+Ancient Sohcahtoan ''ūn'' → Sohcahtoan ''ānu'', meaning "dog".
-Nouns
+[[w:Proto-Japonic|Proto-Japonic]] ''*kəkərə'' → Ancient Sohcahtoan ''kãkãrã'' → Sohcahtoan ''kokora'', meaning "heart".
-Adjectives
-Verbs
-Adverbs
-Particles
-Derivational morphology
--->
+==Morphology==
+Most words in Ancient Sohcahtoan originate in [[w:Proto-Japonic|Proto-Japonic]]. Indeed, there are many similarities between the two languages; both languages have the [ə] sound, which other languages that derive from Proto-Japonic lost(and indeed, modern [[Sohcahtoan]] also lost the [ə] sound).
 ==Syntax==
+Ancient Sohcahtoan and modern [[Sohcahtoan]] both have very similar grammar to [[w:Japanese language|Japanese]].
 ===Constituent order===
+Ancient Sohcahtoan uses an '''S-O-V'''(subject-object-verb) format as in Japanese, however when asking a question the language uses a '''V-O-S'''(verb-object-subject) structure, e.g. ''ūn ã *mārã kã ēdus''(The dog has a ball) and ''Ēdus kã *mārã ūn?''(does the dog have a ball?)
 ===Noun phrase===
-===Verb phrase===
+'''"The dog" - "ūn"'''
-===Sentence phrase===
-===Dependent clauses===
+Ancient Sohcahtoan, like Japanese, doesn't have a word for "the", unless you are also specifying the '''location''' of something, e.g. if you wanted to say "the dog", it would be simply "ūn"(literally "dog"), but if you wanted to say "this dog" or "that cat" it would be "gēn ūn" or "gān nūrã" respectively.
 <!-- etc. etc. -->
 ==Example texts==
-<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. -->
+===Gondola no Uta(*Gondōra nu Ãto)===
+Note: this is only the first stanza.
+{{col-begin}}
+{{col-break}}
+In Ancient Sohcahtoan: <br>
+<br>
+''ãnukuē a minēredãm'' <br>
+''kãrã asã mēterã'' <br>
+''*kak *megubēra''<br>
+''goimã māt (a)ni'' <br>
+''ãlsa derenerã nu'' <br>
+''sēmemã māt (a)ni'' <br>
+''asu nu yuēten nu'' <br>
+''nēye *mãnu o''
+{{col-break}}
+In [[English language|English]]: <br />
+<br />
+''life is brief''<br />
+''fall in love, maidens''<br />
+''before the crimson bloom''<br />
+''fades from your lips''<br />
+''before the tides of passion ''<br />
+''cool within you,''<br />
+''for there is no such thing ''<br />
+''as tomorrow, after all''
+{{col-end}}
 ==Other resources==
 <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. -->

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Revision as of 11:17, 29 February 2024