1,088
edits
m (→Conjunction: Pronunciation) |
m (→Romanisation) |
||
(One intermediate revision by the same user not shown) | |||
Line 5: | Line 5: | ||
|name = Ash | |name = Ash | ||
|nativename = ''ạ̉hgaa'' | |nativename = ''ạ̉hgaa'' | ||
|pronunciation = [ | |pronunciation = [ˈʔɑħˌqɑː] | ||
|creator = [[User:Prinsessa|Ava Skoog]] | |creator = [[User:Prinsessa|Ava Skoog]] | ||
|familycolor = ? | |familycolor = ? | ||
Line 13: | Line 13: | ||
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
'''Ash''' (''ạ̉hgaa'', lit. "seaspeak", IPA [ | '''Ash''' (''ạ̉hgaa'', lit. "seaspeak", IPA [ˈʔɑħˌqɑː]) is the anglicised name of a language mostly spoken around coastal areas, notably the town of [[Verse:Ash/Appa|Appa]] (''ảhba''). Its speakers are familiar with technological advancements such as nautical vessels and steam locomotives. | ||
The language is synthetic, largely based around agglutination with fusional elements. There is a great focus on verbs, nominals being mostly uninflected, and significant pro-drop tendencies and a general focus around deixis rather than pronominal distinctions. The word order is heavily SOV. | The language is synthetic, largely based around agglutination with fusional elements. There is a great focus on verbs, nominals being mostly uninflected, and significant pro-drop tendencies and a general focus around deixis rather than pronominal distinctions. The word order is heavily SOV. | ||
Line 55: | Line 55: | ||
| d | | d | ||
| g | | g | ||
| l | |||
| s | |||
| h | |||
| m | | m | ||
| n | | n | ||
| ŋ | | ŋ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Tilde (e.g. '''ã''') is used to mark nasalisation. Hook above (e.g. '''ả''') denotes a word-initial glottal stop. Dot below (e.g. '''ạ''') signifies otherwise ambiguous stress. | Tilde (e.g. '''ã''') is used to mark nasalisation. Hook above (e.g. '''ả''') denotes a word-initial glottal stop. Dot below (e.g. '''ạ''') signifies otherwise ambiguous stress. An apostrophe ('''’''') is placed before a syllabic consonant. | ||
An example of a word with its archiphonemic, phonemic and surface transcriptions as well as romanisation: | An example of a word with its archiphonemic, phonemic and surface transcriptions as well as romanisation: | ||
Line 431: | Line 430: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo ảo ẻhbadsas | |phrase=emmõõ bo ảo ẻhbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ ˈʔɑːʊ̯ ʔe̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC ao PROX-DIR-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC ao PROX-DIR-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=Ao is braiding my hair | |translation=Ao is braiding my hair | ||
Line 452: | Line 451: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo go bahba ẻ<u>hh</u>ea | |phrase=ảo go bahba ẻ<u>hh</u>ea | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ʔe̞çˈçɛːɑ̯] | ||
|gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>DIR</u>-see.ACT.IND | |gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>DIR</u>-see.ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao is looking at the dog | |translation=Ao is looking at the dog | ||
Line 459: | Line 458: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo go bahba ẻ<u>ss</u>ea | |phrase=ảo go bahba ẻ<u>ss</u>ea | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ʔɪɕˈɕɛːɑ̯] | ||
|gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>INV</u>-see.ACT.IND | |gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog PROX-<u>INV</u>-see.ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao is being watched by the dog | |translation=Ao is being watched by the dog | ||
Line 494: | Line 493: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=oadnah ảesããs | |phrase=oadnah ảesããs | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐħ | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐħ ħɐɪ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ːs̠] | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR REFL.PROX-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I wash in the morning | |translation=I wash in the morning | ||
Line 501: | Line 500: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=oadnah ảo go ảosãã ma | |phrase=oadnah ảo go ảosãã ma | ||
|IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐħ | |IPA=[ˈʔɔ̯ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ɐħ ħɑːʊ̯‿ɣo̞ ʔɐʊ̯ˈz̠ɑ̃ː‿mɐ] | ||
|gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao=TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | |gloss=shine.INCH.IND-CVB:DUR ao=TOP:ACT REFL.DIST-LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND NEG | ||
|translation=Ao doesn't wash in the morning | |translation=Ao doesn't wash in the morning | ||
Line 514: | Line 513: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo ea ảhbadsas | |phrase=emmõõ bo ea ảhbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈjɛˑ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈjɛˑ ʔe̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-DIR-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-DIR-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=you are braiding my hair | |translation=you are braiding my hair | ||
Line 521: | Line 520: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo ea ẻebadsas | |phrase=emmõõ bo ea ẻebadsas | ||
|IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈjɛˑ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbʊ ˈjɛˑ ʔe̞ɪ̯ˈβɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=I am braiding my hair | |translation=I am braiding my hair | ||
Line 534: | Line 533: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo go bahba ỏd<u>s</u>oyya | |phrase=ảo go bahba ỏd<u>s</u>oyya | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ wo̞ʔˈt̠͡s̠ʊj.jɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog DIST-DIR-<u>water</u>-consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog DIST-DIR-<u>water</u>-consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink | |translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink | ||
Line 545: | Line 544: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo go bahba mea<u>da</u> odsoyya | |phrase=ảo go bahba mea<u>da</u> odsoyya | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ ˈmɛːɑ̯.ðɐ wo̞ʔˈt̠͡s̠ʊj.jɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog fire-<u>CVB:LOC</u> DIST-DIR-water-consume.CAUS.IND | |gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog fire-<u>CVB:LOC</u> DIST-DIR-water-consume.CAUS.IND | ||
|translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink by the fire | |translation=Ao was giving the dog water to drink by the fire | ||
Line 592: | Line 591: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=[owahdah bahba go ỏssoeda]<sub>1</sub> [ewahdah ẻsseanas]<sub>2</sub> | |phrase=[owahdah bahba go ỏssoeda]<sub>1</sub> [ewahdah ẻsseanas]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[o̞ˈwɑħ.t̠ɐħ ˈpɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ʔʊs̠ˈs̠ʊːɪ̯.ðɐ jɪˈwɑħ.t̠ɐ.wo̞ħ ħɪɕˈɕɛːɑ̯.n̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.TERM.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | |gloss=[DIST shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR dog DIST-INV-consume.CAUS.TERM.IND]<sub>1</sub> [PROX shine.ACT.IND-CVB:DUR PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ]<sub>2</sub> | ||
|translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | |translation=[today I saw]<sub>2</sub> [the dog that (you) fed yesterday]<sub>1</sub> | ||
Line 601: | Line 600: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=oasya bahba go ẻsseanas no | |phrase=oasya bahba go ẻsseanas no | ||
|IPA=[ˈɔ̯ɑɕ.ɕɐ | |IPA=[ˈɔ̯ɑɕ.ɕɐ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ʔɪɕˈɕɛːɑ̯.n̠ɐz̠‿ᵈn̠ʊ] | ||
|gloss=dog=TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ Q | |gloss=dog=TOP:ACT shine.STAT.IND PROX-INV-see.INCH.IND-CONJ Q | ||
|translation=have you seen the white dog? | |translation=have you seen the white dog? | ||
Line 719: | Line 718: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=emmõõ bo ảo ẻhbadsas | |phrase=emmõõ bo ảo ẻhbadsas | ||
|IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ | |IPA=[ɪmˈmũ̯õ̞ː‿ᵐbo̞ ˈʔɑːo̞ ʔe̞ħˈpɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ɐs̠] | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC ao PROX-DIR-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=TOP:CRESC ao PROX-DIR-hand.FREQ.IND-CONJ | ||
|translation=Ao is braiding my hair | |translation=Ao is braiding my hair | ||
Line 730: | Line 729: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo go bahba go oas egoo | |phrase=ảo go bahba go oas egoo | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣo̞ ˈwɔˑʑ ɪˈɣu̯oː] | ||
|gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog=TOP:ACT DIST-CVB:LOC PROX-CVB:LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=ao=TOP:ACT dog=TOP:ACT DIST-CVB:LOC PROX-CVB:LOC:ACT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=Ao and the dog are over there | |translation=Ao and the dog are over there | ||
Line 743: | Line 742: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo sas sãã | |phrase=ảo sas sãã | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd̠͡z̠ɑ̃ː] | ||
|gloss=sea=TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=sea=TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:LIQ.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=(be) in the ocean; at sea | |translation=(be) in the ocean; at sea | ||
Line 750: | Line 749: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo sas laa | |phrase=ảo sas laa | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿z̠ɐz̠ ˈd͡ɮɑ̃ː] | ||
|gloss=sea=TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND | |gloss=sea=TOP:LIQ-CVB:LOC LOC:STAT.STAT/ACT.IND | ||
|translation=(be) by the sea | |translation=(be) by the sea | ||
Line 763: | Line 762: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=ảo gos ʼmmõõ la | |phrase=ảo gos ʼmmõõ la | ||
|IPA=[ | |IPA=[ˈʔɑːʊ̯‿ɣʊ‿z̠m̩ˈmũ̯õː‿ⁿd͡ɮɐ] | ||
|gloss=ao=TOP:ACT-CVB:LOC INAL-head=TOP:STAT | |gloss=ao=TOP:ACT-CVB:LOC INAL-head=TOP:STAT | ||
|translation=Ao's head (lit. "head at Ao") | |translation=Ao's head (lit. "head at Ao") | ||
Line 805: | Line 804: | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase=meyya bahba go | |phrase=meyya bahba go | ||
|IPA=[ˈme̞j.jɐ | |IPA=[ˈme̞j.jɐ ˈβɑħ.pɐ‿ɣʊ] | ||
|gloss=fire-CVB:SEMB dog=TOP:ACT | |gloss=fire-CVB:SEMB dog=TOP:ACT | ||
|translation=a brown dog | |translation=a brown dog |
edits