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Ash: Difference between revisions
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→Stems
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! Inchoative | ! Inchoative | ||
! Terminative | ! Terminative | ||
! Intensive | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Realis | ! Realis | ||
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{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑː]}} | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑː]}} | ||
| {{ash|oahda}} | | {{ash|oahda}} | ||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑħ. | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑħ.t̠ə]}} | ||
| {{ash|oadna}} | | {{ash|oadna}} | ||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ. | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ.ᵈn̠ə]}} | ||
| {{ash|oasda}} | | {{ash|oasda}} | ||
{{IPA|[ | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑs̠.t̠ə]}} | ||
| {{ash|oadsa}} | |||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ.t̠͡s̠ə]}} | |||
|- | |- | ||
! Irrealis | ! Irrealis | ||
| {{ash|oae}} | | {{ash|oae}} | ||
{{IPA|[ˈwʌ͡ɪ̯ː]}} | {{IPA|[ˈwʌ͡ɪ̯ː]}} | ||
| {{ash|oadse}} | | {{ash|''oadse''}} | ||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ. | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ.ȶ͡ɕɪ]}} | ||
| {{ash|oadne}} | | {{ash|oadne}} | ||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ. | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ.ᶡɲɪ]}} | ||
| {{ash|oasde}} | | {{ash|oasde}} | ||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑɕ. | {{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑɕ.ȶ͡ɕɪ]}} | ||
| {{ash|''oadse''}} | |||
{{IPA|[ˈɔ̯͡ɑʔ.ȶ͡ɕɪ]}} | |||
|} | |} | ||
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====Derived verbs==== | ====Derived verbs==== | ||
Derivational suffixes can be used to extend the root and create a new set of stems, such as the causative {{ash|-y-}} or the | Derivational suffixes can be used to extend the root and create a new set of stems, such as the causative {{ash|-y-}} or the intensive {{ash|-(d)s-}}, which can themselves, depending on the word, be stative or active (all derived verbs are inherently one or the other or both and do not display the allomorphy of basic verbs). These are some of the words derived from {{ash|oo}} "consume": | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||
! Basic | ! Basic | ||
! Causative | ! Causative | ||
! | ! Intensive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{ash|'''oo'''}} | | {{ash|'''oo'''}} | ||
| Line 366: | Line 371: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Conjunct | ! Conjunct | ||
| {{ash|(ea go) | | {{ash|(ea go) ẻhwea<u>s</u> yo}}<br />"I look at you" | ||
| {{ash|(ea go) ẻssea<u>s</u> yo}}<br />"you look at me" | | {{ash|(ea go) ẻssea<u>s</u> yo}}<br />"you look at me" | ||
| {{ash|(oa go) | | {{ash|(oa go) ẻhwea<u>s</u> yo}}<br />"I look at them" | ||
| {{ash|(oa go) ẻssea<u>s</u> yo}}<br />"they look at me" | | {{ash|(oa go) ẻssea<u>s</u> yo}}<br />"they look at me" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Disjunct | ! Disjunct | ||
| {{ash|(ea go) | | {{ash|(ea go) ẻhwea yo}}<br />"you look at them" | ||
| {{ash|(ea go) ẻssea yo}}<br />"they look at you" | | {{ash|(ea go) ẻssea yo}}<br />"they look at you" | ||
| {{ash|(oa go) | | {{ash|(oa go) ẻhwea yo}}<br />"they<sub>1</sub> look at them<sub>2</sub>" | ||
| {{ash|(oa go) ẻssea yo}}<br />"they<sub>2</sub> look at them<sub>1</sub>" | | {{ash|(oa go) ẻssea yo}}<br />"they<sub>2</sub> look at them<sub>1</sub>" | ||
|} | |} | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ảo ẻhbadsas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ảo ẻhbadsas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-POSS-head=CLF.TOP Ao PROX-DIR-hand. | |gloss=PROX-POSS-head=CLF.TOP Ao PROX-DIR-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=Ao is braiding my hair | |translation=Ao is braiding my hair | ||
}} | }} | ||
| Line 425: | Line 430: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ảo ga bahba ẻ<u> | |phrase={{ash|ảo ga bahba ẻ<u>hw</u>ea ga}} | ||
|gloss=ao=CLF.TOP dog PROX-<u>DIR</u>-see.ACT.RLS=REP | |gloss=ao=CLF.TOP dog PROX-<u>DIR</u>-see.ACT.RLS=REP | ||
|translation=Ao is looking at the dog | |translation=Ao is looking at the dog | ||
| Line 443: | Line 448: | ||
|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash| | |phrase={{ash|ẻhweas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-DIR-see.ACT.RLS-CONJ=DECL | |gloss=PROX-DIR-see.ACT.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=I am looking at them | |translation=I am looking at them | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻhbadsas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻhbadsas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX-DIR-hand. | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX-DIR-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=you are braiding my hair | |translation=you are braiding my hair | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ẻwıbadsas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand. | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP PROX PROX-REFL.PROX-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=I am braiding my hair | |translation=I am braiding my hair | ||
}} | }} | ||
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{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ảo ẻhbadsas yo}} | |phrase={{ash|ẽbmo͠o mo ảo ẻhbadsas yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP ao PROX-DIR-hand. | |gloss=PROX-INAL-head=CLF.TOP ao PROX-DIR-hand.INTS.RLS-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=Ao is braiding my hair | |translation=Ao is braiding my hair | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ẻhhodses}} | |phrase={{ash|ẻhhodses yo}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-DIR-consume. | |gloss=PROX-DIR-consume.INTS.ACT.IRR-CONJ=DECL | ||
|translation=I want/need to eat; I am hungry | |translation=I want/need to eat; I am hungry | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|ẻhhodses no}} | |phrase={{ash|ẻhhodses no}} | ||
|gloss=PROX-DIR-consume. | |gloss=PROX-DIR-consume.INTS.ACT.IRR-CONJ=Q | ||
|translation=perhaps I should eat something | |translation=perhaps I should eat something | ||
}} | }} | ||
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|{{gloss | |{{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|bahba go ẻhhodse no}} | |phrase={{ash|bahba go ẻhhodse no}} | ||
|gloss=dog=CLF.TOP PROX-DIR-consume. | |gloss=dog=CLF.TOP PROX-DIR-consume.INTS.ACT.IRR=Q | ||
|translation=maybe the dog is hungry | |translation=maybe the dog is hungry | ||
}} | }} | ||