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Ash: Difference between revisions
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→Pragmatics and conventions: Reported speech
(→Colour terms: Added non-attributive/non-subordinating use of oa(da).) |
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|translation=They said the rain was battering them over there. | |translation=They said the rain was battering them over there. | ||
}} | }} | ||
===Reported speech=== | |||
As mentioned previously, while languages with speaker's involvement marking will often express reported speech from the perspective of the one whose speech is being reported, this is not the case in Ash. However there are direct and indirect modals for reported speech in Ash which may depend on who was talking to whom. | |||
Below are some examples of increasingly complex reports of speech also demonstrating obviation. | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga ỏhgaa e ebmo͠o na booda hga}} | |||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF said=MOD:EXP PROX-head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | |||
|translation=Dosmo told me my head is big. | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga ỏhgaa e obmo͠o na booda hga}} | |||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF said=MOD:EXP DIST-head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | |||
|translation=Dosmo told me their (Dosmo's) head is big. | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga ỏhgaa e oas gã bmo͠o na booda hga}} | |||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF said=MOD:EXP Oas=CLF head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | |||
|translation=Dosmo told me Oas's head is big. | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga wa ỏhgaa e oas ga yy obmo͠o na booda hga}} | |||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF DET=said=MOD:EXP Oas=CLF MOD:DECL DIST-head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | |||
|translation=I saw/heard Dosmo tell Oas their (Oas's) head is big. | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga wa ỏhgaa e oas ga yy oa gõ bmo͠o na booda hga}} | |||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF DET=said=MOD:EXP Oas=CLF MOD:DECL DET=CLF head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | |||
|translation=I saw/heard Dosmo tell Oas their (Dosmo's) head is big. | |||
}} | |||
{{gloss | |||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga wa ỏhgaa hga oas ga yy obmo͠o na booda wwa}} | |||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF DET=said=MOD:DIR Oas=CLF MOD:DECL DET=CLF head=CLF big=MOD:INDIR | |||
|translation=I'm told Dosmo told Oas their (Dosmo's) head is big. | |||
}} | |||
All examples except the last have the experiential modal {{ash|e}} to denote that the speaker directly saw or heard what Dosmo said, and the modal {{ash|ıhga}} marking a direct report of speech (the speaker heard it). The last example instead uses {{ash|hga}} in the first half to denote that the speaker was told by someone else what Dosmo had said and so the actual speech must be reported using the indirect speech report marker {{ash|ıwwa}} instead. | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||