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→Reported speech: Corrected some mistakes and decided to remove some of the examples as this page is not meant to be exhaustive.
m (→Pragmatics and conventions: Reported speech) |
(→Reported speech: Corrected some mistakes and decided to remove some of the examples as this page is not meant to be exhaustive.) |
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===Reported speech=== | ===Reported speech=== | ||
As mentioned previously, while languages with speaker's involvement marking will often express reported speech from the perspective of the one whose speech is being reported, this is not the case in Ash. However there are direct and indirect modals for reported speech in Ash which may depend on who was talking to whom. | As mentioned previously, while languages with speaker's involvement marking will often express reported speech from the perspective of the one whose speech is being reported, this is not the case in Ash. However there are direct and indirect modals for reported speech in Ash which may depend on who was talking to whom. Some examples follow below. | ||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
|phrase={{ash|dosmo ga | |phrase={{ash|dosmo ga ỏsgaas yo ebmo͠o na booda hga}} | ||
|gloss=Dosmo=CLF said=MOD:EXP PROX-head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | |gloss=Dosmo=CLF said=MOD:EXP PROX-head=CLF big=MOD:DIR | ||
|translation=Dosmo told me my head is big. | |translation=Dosmo told me my head is big. | ||
}} | }} | ||
Here the speaker uses the declarative modal {{ash|yo}} as they were spoken to directly so no evidential is needed. The actual reported speech is followed by the {{ash|ıhga}} modal marking a direct report, i.e. something the speaker heard personally. | |||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
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|translation=I saw/heard Dosmo tell Oas their (Dosmo's) head is big. | |translation=I saw/heard Dosmo tell Oas their (Dosmo's) head is big. | ||
}} | }} | ||
This sentence has more referents and so additional markers are necessary to keep track of things. Here the contrastive function of determiners is used to shift the topic back to Dosmo after Oas is introduced. | |||
{{gloss | {{gloss | ||
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}} | }} | ||
This last example uses {{ash|ıhga}} in the first half to denote that the speaker was told by someone else what Dosmo had said and so the actual speech must be reported using the indirect speech report marker {{ash|ıwwa}} instead. | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | [[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||