Brooding: Difference between revisions

===Negation===

"I do not see"

"I did not used to see"

Nominalization is converting a verb into a noun. Brooding has several ways of doing this. In all cases, it involves

inserting sounds after the key vowel. In some of those cases, the key vowel is replicated (where listed below, it is

symbolized with V).

Nominalization can also be used with other forms of verbs as well. For example:

Brooding allows verbs to be put in immediate sequence with each other in a construct called a serial verb. This is

usually to describe a series of actions that are closely associated, especially in quick succession.

For example:

In this case, the verbs for see, run and hide are all in sequence and act as a single constituent. Note that only the

this isn't a long compound verb. The words are pronounced separately, but as the same phrase.

A form of compounding for verbs in Brooding is called object incorporation. This is when the object of the

sentence is combined with the verb. For example, instead of saying "He hits the cow", the object incorporated

version of the sentence would be "He cow-hits".

To incorporate the object, the verb is appended to the object form of the noun to create the new verb. The key

"He hits a cow"

"He hits a cow (literally cow-hits)"

This is a productive procedure in Brooding - you can do it with any sentence with a single word object. However,

it is more likely to be used when incorporating the object gives a distinct meaning. By using an incorporated

a more specific meaning. Or it would contrast to a verb like 'waiter-tipping' (the two having very different

meanings).

object is what is being affected. For intransitive verbs, the new verb is transitive in that it takes an object.

"I hide"

"He hides me" (he make-hides me).

Note that you can still use cause as just a verb in conjunction with a noun clause. The difference between the

two is similar to English - the wordier version implies a level of separation that the compound does not.

"He causes me to hide" (lit "He causes the hiding of me").

Reflexives and reciprocals

Sometimes the subject is doing something to itself. Or a number of subjects are doing something to each other.

These are reflexives and reciprocals. These use special object words.

Reflexive - oo

Reciprocal - oone

"I hit myself"

"They hit themselves"

"They hit each other"

As in English, you can use a reflexive as part of emphasis for an intransitive verb ("I hide myself"). However, in

Brooding, you explicitly have to make the intransitive verb a transitive one:

"I hide myself" ("I cause-hide myself")

Passive voice

In English, we can de-emphasize the object (or omit it entirely) through the use of a passive voice, such as "The

cow is seen". If the subject is mentioned at all, it is in a prepositional phrase: "The cow was seen by me."

In Brooding, a passive is made by omitting the subject and just having an object. However, given that Brooding

is a V2 language, the verb MUST be second. So the object moves to the front of the sentence. If the subject is

Active:

"I see that cow"

"That cow is seen"

"That cow is seen by me"