Brusing/Middle: Difference between revisions

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===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
Adjectives decline for number, gender, case and definiteness.
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''kāt'' 'good'; indefinite declension
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''kāt''||''welke''
|-
!|Genitive
|''welkes''||''welkan''
|-
!|Dative
|''welke''||''welkum''
|-
!|Accusative
|''welk'' ||''welku''
|-
!|Ablative
|''welket'' ||''welkes''
|-
!|Locative
|''welke'' ||''welkus''
|}
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align: center;"
|+ ''þand'' 'child (n.)' (< {{recon|ǵénh₁tom}})
|-
!| !! Singular !! Plural
|-
!|Nominative
|''þand''||''þanda''
|-
!|Genitive
|''þandes''||''þandan''
|-
!|Dative
|''þande''||''þandum''
|-
!|Accusative
|''þand'' ||''þanda''
|-
!|Ablative
|''þandet'' ||''þandes''
|-
!|Locative
|''þande'' ||''þandus''
|}
===Verbs===
===Verbs===
Unlike in Thedic languages, all verbs use the athematic endings in Brusing.
Unlike in Thedic languages, all verbs use the athematic endings in Brusing.

Revision as of 05:18, 26 June 2019

Brusing (Brūsingiska taga) is an Oselo-Bruso-Thedic language that emphasizes the non-Germanic aspects of the subbranch. It is inspired by Sanskrit and Old English.

Brusing was a classical language in Lõis's Europe.

Todo

  • tāla (f) = sequence, row; a musical term

a e i u ā ē ī ū ei eu ai au āi ēi āu ēu ->
a e i u ā ē ī ū ūi ē āe ōe āe ūi ōe ē
i want ū to become ȳ
u-umlaut:
o œ y u ō œ­̄ ȳ ū ū œ̄ ōe ūi ōe ū ūi œ̄
suHnus -> *sūnus -> sūn "son"

  • h₂elut "beer" -> *aluð -> olu

that sounds like estonian õlu
CVCuC words get the u if the V is short

Proto-Brusing:

Avis ðersaiwa

Avis, dat welnān natāra, spāða ðersuos: ainan kerrun wāðnan teuðanda, ainanwa mahsalān kerriðān, ainanwa ðumana sneuman paranda.

Grammar

Nouns

Brusing nouns had 6 cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative, and locative.

o-stems

welk 'wolf (m.)' (< *wḷkʷós)
Singular Plural
Nominative welk welke
Genitive welkes welkan
Dative welke welkum
Accusative welk welku
Ablative welket welkes
Locative welke welkus


þand 'child (n.)' (< *ǵénh₁tom)
Singular Plural
Nominative þand þanda
Genitive þandes þandan
Dative þande þandum
Accusative þand þanda
Ablative þandet þandes
Locative þande þandus

eh2-stems

arda 'earth (f.)' (< *h1er-teh2)
Singular Plural
Nominative arda ardas
Genitive ardas ardan
Dative arde ardum
Accusative arda ardu
Ablative arde ardes
Locative arde ardus

i- and u-stems

The i-stems and u-stems merge in Classical Brusing.

bǣd 'tyrant, despot (m.)' (< *potis)
Singular Plural
Nominative bǣd bǣdus
Genitive bǣdus bǣdian
Dative bǣdu bǣdum
Accusative bǣd bǣdi
Ablative bǣdus bǣdis
Locative bǣdu bǣdis


glōst 'load (f.)' (< **kleh₂-s-tus)
Singular Plural
Nominative glōst glōstus
Genitive glōstus glōstian
Dative glōstu glōstum
Accusative glōst glōsti
Ablative glōstus glōstis
Locative glōstu glōstis

ih2-stems

wǣsti (POBT wostiyā) = clothing

n-stems

nāma 'name (n.)' (< POBT *nomṇ)
Singular Plural
Nominative nāma nāman
Genitive nǣman nāmanan
Dative nǣman nāmanum
Accusative nāma nāman
Ablative nǣmin nāmanis
Locative nǣmin nāmanis

Likewise: wāta 'water', ðarta 'heart'

Athematics

berg 'city (f.)' (< *bʰṛgʰs)
Singular Plural
Nominative berg bergas
Genitive bergas bergan
Dative bergu bergum
Accusative berga bergas
Ablative bergas bergis
Locative bergi bergus

Adjectives

Adjectives decline for number, gender, case and definiteness.

kāt 'good'; indefinite declension
Singular Plural
Nominative kāt welke
Genitive welkes welkan
Dative welke welkum
Accusative welk welku
Ablative welket welkes
Locative welke welkus


þand 'child (n.)' (< *ǵénh₁tom)
Singular Plural
Nominative þand þanda
Genitive þandes þandan
Dative þande þandum
Accusative þand þanda
Ablative þandet þandes
Locative þande þandus

Verbs

Unlike in Thedic languages, all verbs use the athematic endings in Brusing.

Verbs are negated by prefixing na-. (TODO: sandhi)

Verbs had five tenses: present, imperfect, aorist, perfect, and future.

The irrealis tenses are: subjunctive, optative, imperfective imperative, and aorist imperative.

Brusing also had a passive voice, inherited from PIE.

Athematics

e/o-thematics

spaðan 'to see'

  • Present: spaðem, spaðas, spaðad, spaðum, spaðad, spaðand
  • Imperfect: aspað, aspaðast, aspað, aspaðum, aspaðad, aspaðer
  • Aorist: aspās, aspāst, aspās, aspassum, aspassad, aspasser
  • Perfect: spāð, spāst, spāð, spāðum, spāðad, spāðer
  • Future: spassem, spassas, spassad, spassum, spassad, spassand
  • Subjunctive: spaðā, spaðēs, spaðēd, spaðum, spaðād, spaðand
  • Optative: spassāem, spassāes, spassāed, spassāeum, spassāead, spassāeand
  • Imperative: -, spað, spassu, spaðum, spaðad, spaðandu

eh2-verbs

yé-verbs

éye-verbs

dārayan 'to pain, to grieve'

  • Present: dārayam, dārayas, dārayad, dārayum, dārayad, dārayān

Syntax

Vocabulary

Derivation