2,334
edits
Carpathian historical development: Difference between revisions
Carpathian historical development (view source)
Revision as of 20:22, 17 February 2023
, 17 February 2023→Consonant assimilation
| Line 54: | Line 54: | ||
The clusters with nasal as a second element typically survive as geminate "nn" (PIE ''*h₂e'''gʷn'''ents'' > Carpathian ''hà'''nn'''ēn'' “lamb”), unless they comprise a cluster with more than two consonants: PIE ''*ml̥dʰnis'' — Western Carpathian ''mil̃dinis'' “lightning” (Eastern Carpathian ''lùkkawis'' from ''*lukskawis''). Labial consonants, however, become [m] before nasals: PIE *swé'''pn'''os — Standard Carpathian ''swa'''mn'''as'' [ˈswɑ̀m.nɑs] “dream”; ''*dʰu'''bʰ'''nóm'' — ''du'''m'''na'' “bottom”. | The clusters with nasal as a second element typically survive as geminate "nn" (PIE ''*h₂e'''gʷn'''ents'' > Carpathian ''hà'''nn'''ēn'' “lamb”), unless they comprise a cluster with more than two consonants: PIE ''*ml̥dʰnis'' — Western Carpathian ''mil̃dinis'' “lightning” (Eastern Carpathian ''lùkkawis'' from ''*lukskawis''). Labial consonants, however, become [m] before nasals: PIE *swé'''pn'''os — Standard Carpathian ''swa'''mn'''as'' [ˈswɑ̀m.nɑs] “dream”; ''*dʰu'''bʰ'''nóm'' — ''du'''m'''na'' “bottom”. | ||
The clusters ''*sr'', ''*śr'' and ''*źr'' were rare in Carpathian, but had a unique development of prothetic dental stops between the two elements, which resulted in the only allowed clusters consisting of more than two consonants: PIE ''*h₂ewsrom'' — ''hauštra'' “morning, east”. This process likely happened early in the Carpathian development, since the initial clusters were also affected: PIE ''*sroumḗn'' → Pre-Proto-Carpathian ''s'''t'''raumēn'' — Carpathian '' | The clusters ''*sr'', ''*śr'' and ''*źr'' were rare in Carpathian, but had a unique development of prothetic dental stops between the two elements, which resulted in the only allowed clusters consisting of more than two consonants: PIE ''*h₂ewsrom'' — ''hauštra'' “morning, east”. This process likely happened early in the Carpathian development, since the initial clusters were also affected: PIE ''*sroumḗn'' → Pre-Proto-Carpathian ''s'''t'''raumēn'' — Carpathian ''staraũmēn'' “stream”. The development is still productive, affecting later loanwords: ''Izdrajelis'' “Israel”. | ||
==Dialectal differentiation== | ==Dialectal differentiation== | ||
Approximately by the beginning of the Common Era Proto-Carpathian began splitting into two main branches: Western, spoken nowadays primarily in Slovakia and some districts of the Transcarpathian region, and Eastern, mostly spoken in Southern Poland, Western Ukraine and Northern Romania (region, called [[w:Maramureș|Marišas]]). | Approximately by the beginning of the Common Era Proto-Carpathian began splitting into two main branches: Western, spoken nowadays primarily in Slovakia and some districts of the Transcarpathian region, and Eastern, mostly spoken in Southern Poland, Western Ukraine and Northern Romania (region, called [[w:Maramureș|Marišas]]). | ||