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Carpathian nouns: Difference between revisions
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*'''CS''' (circumflex stative) – fixed circumflex accent (tone-2) or grave accent (tone-3) on any syllable. For neuter stems it is the final syllable, while for all other genders it is typically the first or the second syllable. | *'''CS''' (circumflex stative) – fixed circumflex accent (tone-2) or grave accent (tone-3) on any syllable. For neuter stems it is the final syllable, while for all other genders it is typically the first or the second syllable. | ||
*'''M''' (mobile) – the pitch (tone-2 or tone-3) alternates between final and non-final (usually initial) position. | *'''M''' (mobile) – the pitch (tone-2 or tone-3) alternates between final and non-final (usually initial) position. | ||
The pitch accent is an important part of Carpathian morphology, since some noun cases are only distinct by their accent: ''rasā̃s'' [rɑ́.ˈsɑ̀ːs] “of dew (genitive case)”, ''ràsās'' [ˈrɑ̀.sɑ̀ːs] “dews (nominative case)”. Some words differ only in their accent paradigm: ''káltas'' “gouge” (from ''káltei'' “to strike”), '''AS'''-class and ''kal̃tas'' “obliged” (from ''kelḗtei'' “to be obliged”). | |||
==Classes== | ==Classes== | ||
There are seven main stem classes in Carpathian, being defined by their specific case endings: ''a''-stem, ''u''-stem, ''i''-stem ''ā''-stem, ''ī''-stem, ''ū''-stem, and consonant-stem, the latter consisting of several subclasses. The following tables are examples of Eastern Carpathian noun-class paradigms, Western Carpathian has the same noun classes, so for the sake of brevity only the Eastern forms are shown. The example words belong to the M-paradigm, because the pitch pattern of the other two paradigms is predictable. | There are seven main stem classes in Carpathian, being defined by their specific case endings: ''a''-stem, ''u''-stem, ''i''-stem ''ā''-stem, ''ī''-stem, ''ū''-stem, and consonant-stem, the latter consisting of several subclasses. The following tables are examples of Eastern Carpathian noun-class paradigms, Western Carpathian has the same noun classes, so for the sake of brevity only the Eastern forms are shown. The example words belong to the M-paradigm, because the pitch pattern of the other two paradigms is predictable. | ||