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Carpathian verbs: Difference between revisions
→Conjugation
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|''zirhējetìs'' | |''zirhējetìs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]] | ! rowspan="6" |[[w:Plural|Plural]] | ||
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ||
|''skeimès'' | |''skeimès'' | ||
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|''zirhējañti'' | |''zirhējañti'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
The verb ''stèrhetei'' “to extend” has tone-3 in Eastern Carpathian, because sonorant clusters with /h/ are treated as a single segment. This is not the case in Western Carpathian, where this verb has tone-2 on the root instead: ''ster̃hetei''. In present tense the root vowel of the e-stem verbs often undergoes ablaut: ''l'''ì'''ktei'' “to remain” — ''l'''eĩ'''kū'' “I remain”. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+[[w:Aorist|Aorist]] | |+[[w:Aorist|Aorist]] | ||
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|''zirhējatìs'' | |''zirhējatìs'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]] | ! rowspan="6" |[[w:Plural|Plural]] | ||
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ||
|''skeitamè'' | |''skeitamè'' | ||
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|''zirhējañ'' | |''zirhējañ'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
The verb ''gidā́tei'' “to wait” has sigmatic aorist, while all other verbs from the example above have root aorist. The difference is the addition of the suffix ''-s'' with the lengthening of the previous vowel: ''kurtéi'' “to build”, ''degetéi'' “to burn” — ''kūr̃'''š'''anta'' “I built it”, ''dē'''š'''anta'' “I burnt it” (sigmatic aorist); but ''tirimtéi'' “to shiver” — ''tirìmun'' “I shivered” (root aorist). | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] | |+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] | ||
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|''zirhḗtis'' | |''zirhḗtis'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]] | ! rowspan="6" |[[w:Grammatical number|Plural]] | ||
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ||
|''skaimè'' | |''skaimè'' | ||
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|''zirhḗjin'' | |''zirhḗjin'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
In perfect the root vowel of athematic and e-stem thematic verbs undergoes qualitative ablaut: ''l'''ei'''kū'' “I remain” — ''l'''ai'''ka'' “I have remained/I am preserved”; ''pasad'''ḗ'''demi'' “I’m putting it down” — ''pasad'''ṓ'''dai'' “I’ve put it down”. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+[[w:Future tense|Future]] | |+[[w:Future tense|Future]] | ||
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![[w:First person singular|1st sg]] | ![[w:First person singular|1st sg]] | ||
|''skeĩsiū'' | |''skeĩsiū'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesiū'' | ||
|''turḗsiū'' | |''turḗsiū'' | ||
|''gidā́siū'' | |''gidā́siū'' | ||
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![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]] | ![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]] | ||
|''skeĩsiei'' | |''skeĩsiei'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesiei'' | ||
|''turḗsiei'' | |''turḗsiei'' | ||
|''gidā́siei'' | |''gidā́siei'' | ||
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![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]] | ![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]] | ||
|''skeĩs'' | |''skeĩs'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhis'' | ||
|''turḗs'' | |''turḗs'' | ||
|''gidā́s'' | |''gidā́s'' | ||
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![[w:First person plural|1st du]] | ![[w:First person plural|1st du]] | ||
|''skeĩsiwā'' | |''skeĩsiwā'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesiwā'' | ||
|'' | |''turḗsiwā'' | ||
|'' | |''gidā́siwā'' | ||
|'' | |''zirhḗsiwā'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]] | ![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]] | ||
|'' | |''skeĩsitā'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesitā'' | ||
|'' | |''turḗsitā'' | ||
|'' | |''gidā́sitā'' | ||
|'' | |''zirhḗsitā'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]] | ![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]] | ||
|'' | |''skeĩsitis'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesitis'' | ||
|'' | |''turḗsitis'' | ||
|'' | |''gidā́sitis'' | ||
|'' | |''zirhḗsitis'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]] | ! rowspan="6" |[[w:Grammatical number|Plural]] | ||
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | ||
|'' | |''skeĩsima'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesima'' | ||
|'' | |''turḗsima'' | ||
|'' | |''gidā́sima'' | ||
|'' | |''zirhḗsima'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]] | ![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]] | ||
|'' | |''skeĩsite'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesite'' | ||
|'' | |''turḗsite'' | ||
|'' | |''gidā́site'' | ||
|'' | |''zirhḗsite'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]] | ![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]] | ||
|'' | |''skeĩsianti'' | ||
|'' | |''stèrhesianti'' | ||
|'' | |''turḗsianti'' | ||
|'' | |''gidā́sianti'' | ||
|'' | |''zirhḗsianti'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Carpathian]] | [[Category:Carpathian]] | ||