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Carpathian verbs: Difference between revisions

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Carpathian verbs (view source)

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==Conjugation==
==Conjugation==
The following conjugations of verbs exist in the present tense: athematic, simple thematic ("e"-stem verbs) and suffix-thematic ("ī"-stem, "ē"-stem, and "ā"-stem verbs, as well as derived "jā"-stem, "au"-stem, "nō"-stem among others). The future tense is formed using the ''si-'' suffix attached to the infinitive stem. The aorist tense has "ā"- and "ē"-stems. With a few exceptions, all verb endings were at some point of Carpathian history influenced by the ending of the present tense.
The following conjugations of verbs exist in the present tense: athematic, simple thematic ("e"-stem verbs) and suffixed ("ī"-stem, "ē"-stem, and "ā"-stem verbs, as well as derived "jā"-stem, "ej"-verbs, "au"-stem, "nō"-stem among others). The future tense is formed using the ''si-'' suffix attached to the infinitive stem. The aorist tense has "ā"- and "ē"-stems. With a few exceptions, all verb endings were at some point of Carpathian history influenced by the ending of the present tense.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+[[w:Present tense|Present]]
|+[[w:Present tense|Present]]
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! ''ē/ī''-stem verbs
! ''ē/ī''-stem verbs
! ''ā''-stem verbs
! ''ā''-stem verbs
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem)
|-
|-
!''skeistéi'' “to read”
!''skeistéi'' “to read”
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!''turḗtei'' “to hold”
!''turḗtei'' “to hold”
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait”
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait”
!''zirhḗtei'' “to ripen, to age”
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]]
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]]
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|''turiū́''
|''turiū́''
|''gidā́hū''
|''gidā́hū''
|''zirhḗjū''
|-
|-
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]]
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]]
|''skeĩsti''
|''skeĩsi''
|''stèrhei''
|''stèrhei''
|''turiéi''
|''turiéi''
|''gidā́hei''
|''gidā́hei''
|''zirhḗjei''
|-
|-
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]]
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]]
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|''tùrie''
|''tùrie''
|''gidā́''
|''gidā́''
|''zirhḗje''
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]]
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]]
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|''turiewā́''
|''turiewā́''
|''gidewā́''
|''gidewā́''
|''zirhējewā́''
|-
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]]
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]]
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|''turietā́''
|''turietā́''
|''gidetā́''
|''gidetā́''
|''zirhējetā́''
|-
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]]
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]]
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|''turietìs''
|''turietìs''
|''gidetìs''
|''gidetìs''
|''zirhējetìs''
|-
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]]
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]]
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|''turiemà''
|''turiemà''
|''gidemà''
|''gidemà''
|''zirhējemà''
|-
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]]
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]]
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|''turietè''
|''turietè''
|''gidetè''
|''gidetè''
|''zirhējetè''
|-
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]]
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]]
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|''turiañti''
|''turiañti''
|''gidañti''
|''gidañti''
|''zirhējañti''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+[[w:Aorist|Aorist]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! Athematic verbs
! ''e''-stem verbs
! ''ē''-stem verbs
! ''ā''-stem verbs
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem)
|-
!''skeistéi'' “to read”
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend”
!''turḗtei'' “to hold”
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait”
!''zirhḗtei'' “to ripen, to age”
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]]
![[w:First person singular|1st sg]]
|''skeĩtun''
|''stèrhun''
|''turḗjun''
|''gidā́sun''
|''zirhḗjun''
|-
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]]
|''skeĩs''
|''stèrhis''
|''turḗjis''
|''gidā́sis''
|''zirhḗjis''
|-
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]]
|''skeĩ''
|''stèrhe''
|''turḗ''
|''gidā́s''
|''zirhḗje''
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]]
![[w:First person plural|1st du]]
|''skeitawā́''
|''sterhawā́''
|''turēwā́''
|''gidāsawā́''
|''zirhējawā́''
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]]
|''skeitatā́''
|''sterhatā́''
|''turētā́''
|''gidāsatā́''
|''zirhējatā́''
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]]
|''skeitatìs''
|''sterhatìs''
|''turētìs''
|''gidāsatìs''
|''zirhējatìs''
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]]
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]]
|''skeitamè''
|''sterhamè''
|''turēmè''
|''gidāsamè''
|''zirhējamè''
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]]
|''skeitatè''
|''sterhatè''
|''turētè''
|''gidāsatè''
|''zirhējatè''
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]]
|''skeitiñ''
|''sterhañ''
|''turējañ''
|''gidāsañ''
|''zirhējañ''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! Athematic verbs
! ''e''-stem verbs
! ''ē''-stem verbs
! ''ā''-stem verbs
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem)
|-
!''skaistéi'' “to read”
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend”
!''turḗtei'' “to hold”
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait”
!''zirhḗtei'' “to ripen, to age”
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]]
![[w:First person singular|1st sg]]
|''skaĩtai''
|''stàrha''
|''turḗja''
|''gidā́ha''
|''zirhḗja''
|-
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]]
|''skaĩstai''
|''stàrta''
|''turḗta''
|''gidā́ta''
|''zirhḗta''
|-
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]]
|''skaĩtei''
|''stàrhe''
|''turḗje''
|''gidā́he''
|''zirhḗje''
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]]
![[w:First person plural|1st du]]
|''skaitwā́''
|''stárwā''
|''turḗwā''
|''gidā́wā''
|''zirhḗwā''
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]]
|''skaistā́''
|''stártā''
|''turḗtā''
|''gidā́tā''
|''zirhḗtā''
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]]
|''skaistìs''
|''stártis''
|''turḗtis''
|''gidā́tis''
|''zirhḗtis''
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]]
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]]
|''skaimè''
|''stárme''
|''turḗme''
|''gidā́me''
|''zirhḗme''
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]]
|''skaistè''
|''stárte''
|''turḗte''
|''gidā́te''
|''zirhḗte''
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]]
|''skaitínti''
|''starhin''
|''turḗjin''
|''gidā́hin''
|''zirhḗjin''
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
|+[[w:Future tense|Future]]
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |
! Athematic verbs
! ''e''-stem verbs
! ''ē''-stem verbs
! ''ā''-stem verbs
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem)
|-
!''skaistéi'' “to read”
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend”
!''turḗtei'' “to hold”
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait”
!''zirhḗtei'' “to ripen, to age”
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]]
![[w:First person singular|1st sg]]
|''skeĩsiū''
|''stérhesiū''
|''turḗsiū''
|''gidā́siū''
|''zirhḗsiū''
|-
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]]
|''skeĩsiei''
|''stérhesiei''
|''turḗsiei''
|''gidā́siei''
|''zirhḗsiei''
|-
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]]
|''skeĩs''
|''stérhes''
|''turḗs''
|''gidā́s''
|''zirhḗs''
|-
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]]
![[w:First person plural|1st du]]
|''skeĩsiwā''
|''stérhesiei''
|''turḗsiei''
|''gidā́siei''
|''zirhḗsiei''
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]]
|''skaistā́''
|''stártā''
|''turḗtā''
|''gidā́tā''
|''zirhḗtā''
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]]
|''skaistìs''
|''stártis''
|''turḗtis''
|''gidā́tis''
|''zirhḗtis''
|-
! rowspan="6" |[[Plural]]
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]]
|''skaimè''
|''stárme''
|''turḗme''
|''gidā́me''
|''zirhḗme''
|-
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]]
|''skaistè''
|''stárte''
|''turḗte''
|''gidā́te''
|''zirhḗte''
|-
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]]
|''skaitínti''
|''starhin''
|''turḗjin''
|''gidā́hin''
|''zirhḗjin''
|}
|}


[[Category:Carpathian]]
[[Category:Carpathian]]
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