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Carpathian verbs: Difference between revisions
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The verb ''gidā́tei'' “to wait” has sigmatic aorist, while all other verbs from the example above have root aorist. The difference is the addition of the suffix ''-s'' with the lengthening of the previous vowel: ''kurtéi'' “to build”, ''degetéi'' “to burn” — ''kūr̃'''š'''anta'' “I built it”, ''dē'''š'''anta'' “I burnt it” (sigmatic aorist); but ''tirimtéi'' “to shiver” — ''tirìmun'' “I shivered” (root aorist). | The verb ''gidā́tei'' “to wait” has sigmatic aorist, while all other verbs from the example above have root aorist. The difference is the addition of the suffix ''-s'' with the lengthening of the previous vowel: ''kurtéi'' “to build”, ''degetéi'' “to burn” — ''kūr̃'''š'''anta'' “I built it”, ''dē'''š'''anta'' “I burnt it” (sigmatic aorist); but ''tirimtéi'' “to shiver” — ''tirìmun'' “I shivered” (root aorist). | ||
Some irregular "e"-stem verbs have zero-grade ablaut in their root, usually those belonging to PIE bhárati-verbs: ''b'''è'''rōsa'' “I’m picking it up” — ''b'''i'''rā́hansa'' “I picked it up”, but ''g'''i'''dā́hū'' “I’m waiting” — ''g'''i'''dā́sun'' “I waited”. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] | |+[[w:Perfect (grammar)|Perfect]] | ||
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! suffixed (''ēj''-stem) | ! suffixed (''ēj''-stem) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'' | !''skeistéi'' “to read” | ||
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend” | !''stèrhetei'' “to extend” | ||
!''turḗtei'' “to hold” | !''turḗtei'' “to hold” | ||
| Line 352: | Line 354: | ||
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem) | ! suffixed (''ēj''-stem) | ||
|- | |- | ||
!'' | !''skeistéi'' “to read” | ||
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend” | !''stèrhetei'' “to extend” | ||
!''turḗtei'' “to hold” | !''turḗtei'' “to hold” | ||
| Line 423: | Line 425: | ||
|''gidā́sianti'' | |''gidā́sianti'' | ||
|''zirhḗsianti'' | |''zirhḗsianti'' | ||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+[[w:Optative mood|Optative]] | |||
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" | | |||
! Athematic verbs | |||
! ''e''-stem verbs | |||
! ''ē''-stem verbs | |||
! ''ā''-stem verbs | |||
! suffixed (''ēj''-stem) | |||
|- | |||
!''skeistéi'' “to read” | |||
!''stèrhetei'' “to extend” | |||
!''turḗtei'' “to hold” | |||
!''gidā́tei'' “to wait” | |||
!''zirhḗtei'' “to ripen, to age” | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Grammatical number|Singular]] | |||
![[w:First person singular|1st sg]] | |||
|''skìtiēn'' | |||
|''stèrhain'' | |||
|''tùriain'' | |||
|''gidā́hain'' | |||
|''zirhḗjain'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Second person singular|2nd sg]] | |||
|''skìtiēs'' | |||
|''stèrhais'' | |||
|''tùriais'' | |||
|''gidā́hais'' | |||
|''zirhḗjais'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Third person singular|3rd sg]] | |||
|''skìtiēs'' | |||
|''stèrhai'' | |||
|''tùriai'' | |||
|''gidā́hai'' | |||
|''zirhḗjai'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Dual (grammatical number)|Dual]] | |||
![[w:First person plural|1st du]] | |||
|''skitiḗwā'' | |||
|''sterhaĩwā'' | |||
|''turiaĩwā'' | |||
|''gidahaĩwā'' | |||
|''zirhḗjaiwā'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Second person plural|2nd du]] | |||
|''skitiḗtā'' | |||
|''sterhaĩtā'' | |||
|''turiaĩtā'' | |||
|''gidahaĩtā'' | |||
|''zirhḗjaitā'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Third person plural|3rd du}}]] | |||
|''skitiḗtis'' | |||
|''sterhaĩtis'' | |||
|''turiaĩtis'' | |||
|''gidahaĩtis'' | |||
|''zirhḗjaitis'' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="6" |[[w:Grammatical number|Plural]] | |||
![[w:First person plural|1st pl]] | |||
|''skitiḗmes'' | |||
|''sterhaĩma'' | |||
|''turiaĩma'' | |||
|''gidahaĩma'' | |||
|''zirhḗjaima'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Second person plural|2nd pl]] | |||
|''skitiḗte'' | |||
|''stèrhaĩte'' | |||
|''turiaĩte'' | |||
|''gidahaĩte'' | |||
|''zirhḗjaite'' | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Third person plural|3rd pl]] | |||
|''skitiénti'' | |||
|''sterhajín'' | |||
|''turējín'' | |||
|''gidāhín'' | |||
|''zirhḗjin'' | |||
|} | |} | ||
[[Category:Carpathian]] | [[Category:Carpathian]] | ||