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Carpathian verbs: Difference between revisions
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→Aspectual and deictic affixes
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==Aspectual and deictic affixes== | ==Aspectual and deictic affixes== | ||
Carpathian verbs form [[w:Lexical aspect|lexical aspect]] using various affixes, which make up systematic groups, based on the similarity in meaning. Essentially, there are three distinct groups of aspect affixes: | Carpathian verbs form [[w:Lexical aspect|lexical aspect]] using various affixes, which make up systematic groups, based on the similarity in meaning. Essentially, there are three distinct groups of aspect affixes: | ||
*Suffixes, which make imperfective (progressive) verbs from simple perfective verbs: ''nestei'' “to carry” — ''nasītei'' “to be carrying”. | *Suffixes, which make imperfective ([[w:Continuous and progressive aspects|progressive]]) or [[w:Frequentative|frequentative]] verbs from simple perfective verbs: ''nestei'' “to carry” — ''nasītei'' “to be carrying”, ''nasiōtei'' “to carry often”. | ||
*A suffix, which makes [[w:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]] verbs, from imperfective verbs: ''stahētei'' “to be standing” — “stanautei” “to step”. | *A suffix, which makes [[w:Inchoative aspect|inchoative]] verbs, from imperfective verbs: ''stahētei'' “to be standing” — “stanautei” “to step”. | ||
*Prefixes, added to imperfective verbs to make perfective, [[w:Iterative aspect|iterative]] | *Prefixes, added to imperfective verbs to make perfective, [[w:Iterative aspect|iterative]] verbs: ''peistei'' “to write” — ''kirtātei'' “to write” — ''nōkirtātei'' “to write down”, ''pakirtātei'' “to write several times (iterative)”. | ||
==Periphrastic formations== | ==Periphrastic formations== | ||
The original Proto-Indo-European subjunctive had fell out of use already by the Proto-Carpathian period, instead being replaced by the preterit form of ''būtei'' and the supine or the infinitive of the main verb, for example: ''būnta skeistei'' “I would be reading that”; ''būsta skeistun'' “(that) you read that” The subjunctive forms of the verb ''būtei'' (subject endings only) are as follows: | The original Proto-Indo-European subjunctive had fell out of use already by the Proto-Carpathian period, instead being replaced by the preterit form of ''būtei'' and the supine or the infinitive of the main verb, for example: ''būnta skeistei'' “I would be reading that”; ''būsta skeistun'' “(that) you read that” The subjunctive forms of the verb ''būtei'' (subject endings only) are as follows: | ||