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Carpathian verbs: Difference between revisions
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==Periphrastic formations== | ==Periphrastic formations== | ||
The original Proto-Indo-European subjunctive had fell out of use already by the Proto-Carpathian period, instead being replaced by the preterit form of ''būtei'' and the supine or the infinitive of the main verb, for example: ''būnta skeistei'' “I would be reading that”; ''būsta skeistun'' “(that) you read that” The subjunctive forms of the verb ''būtei'' (subject endings only) are as follows: | The original Proto-Indo-European [[w:Subjunctive mood|subjunctive]] had fell out of use already by the Proto-Carpathian period, instead being replaced by the preterit form of ''būtei'' and the supine or the infinitive of the main verb, for example: ''būnta skeistei'' “I would be reading that”; ''būsta skeistun'' “(that) you read that” The subjunctive forms of the verb ''būtei'' (subject endings only) are as follows: | ||
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In some dialects of both Western and Eastern Carpathian the auxiliary verb merged with the main verb into a new synthetic form, for example: ''skeistumbū́'' “he/she would read”. Despite being widespread, this form is not in the standard written language itself. | In some dialects of both Western and Eastern Carpathian the auxiliary verb merged with the main verb into a new synthetic form, for example: ''skeistumbū́'' “he/she would read”. Despite being widespread, this form is not in the standard written language itself. | ||
In addition to synthetic future-desiderative, there are also several analytic future constructions with a modal verb and an infinitive or supine, which, unlike the former synthetic form, express necessity or obligation, for example: ''eimi skeistei'' “I’m going to read”, ''immi dētun'' “I must have it done”. In order to denote simple futurity of an action, present tense may be used: ''tā pa skeisteta kunīgān'' “later he/she will read a book”. | In addition to synthetic future-desiderative, there are also several '''analytic future''' constructions with a modal verb and an infinitive or supine, which, unlike the former synthetic form, express necessity or obligation, for example: ''eimi skeistei'' “I’m going to read”, ''immi dētun'' “I must have it done”. In order to denote simple futurity of an action, present tense may be used: ''tā pa skeisteta kunīgān'' “later he/she will read a book”. | ||
Carpathian verbs express [[w:Irrealis mood#Potential|potentiality]] of an action by means of the verb ''leistei'' “to let” and the infinitive of the main verb, for example: ''leide eitei'' “he/she will probably go”, ''lais eitei'' “he/she might have gone”. If used with supine instead, the latter phrase gains a permissive meaning: ''laidinti eitun'' “they are allowed to go”. | |||
==Participles== | ==Participles== | ||