803
edits
Carrick: Difference between revisions
→Nouns
(→Nouns) |
(→Nouns) |
||
| Line 52: | Line 52: | ||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns may be masculine, feminine or neuter and decline for | Nouns may be masculine, feminine or neuter and decline for 4 cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative) in the singular and plural. There are 8 stem classes (a-, o-, u-, i-, Ø-, s-, n-, r-), within which are a number of sub-classes. | ||
Stems can be divided into a number of types: | Stems can be divided into a number of types: | ||
| Line 96: | Line 96: | ||
Generally speaking, polysyllabic forms follow the same paradigms but do not undergo i- or u-mutation unless there is a following vowel (e.g. ''áratt'' "silver" (a, n.), g.sg. ''áratt'' but n.pl. ''árett''). Polysyllabic forms are also liable to lose the final vowel of the stem when endings are added when the syllable is short and this may obstruct mutations from occurring (e.g. ''dafað'' (a, m.), g.sg. ''dafað'' but n.pl. ''dafði''). | Generally speaking, polysyllabic forms follow the same paradigms but do not undergo i- or u-mutation unless there is a following vowel (e.g. ''áratt'' "silver" (a, n.), g.sg. ''áratt'' but n.pl. ''árett''). Polysyllabic forms are also liable to lose the final vowel of the stem when endings are added when the syllable is short and this may obstruct mutations from occurring (e.g. ''dafað'' (a, m.), g.sg. ''dafað'' but n.pl. ''dafði''). | ||
The vocalic stem classes include stems with either ''j'' or ''v'' in the stem (e.g. ''dan'' 'man', '' | The vocalic stem classes include stems with either ''j'' or ''v'' in the stem (e.g. ''dan'' 'man', d.sg. ''dænju''; ''mor'' 'ant', d.sg. ''morvi''): | ||
* In ''-j-'' stems: | |||
** ''j'' occurs only before ''a, o, u'' | |||
** monosyllables undergo i-mutation throughout the paradigm, except in the n.sg. of masculine a-stems (e.g. ''dan'' 'man', a.sg. ''dæn'' but ''kærjo'' 'crime', a.sg. ''kær'') | |||
** in polysyllables, the same is true but only pure vowels are affected (e.g. ...). | |||
** u-mutation is blocked | |||
* In ''-v-'' stems: | |||
** ''v'' shows only before ''i, e'' (except following certain vowels, e.g. ''ý'' 'yew tree', a.sg. ''ývu'') | |||
** monosyllables undergo u-mutation everywhere except the n.sg. of masculine a-stems (e.g. ''kar'' 'deer', a.sg. ''kor'') | |||
** polysyllables do not show u-mutation except where the ''v'' survives (e.g. ...) | |||
** i-mutation is not blocked. | |||
====Example Declensions==== | ====Example Declensions==== | ||
| Line 115: | Line 121: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Genitive | ! Genitive | ||
| ''pinn'' || ''tækkið'' || ''dæn'' || '' | | ''pinn'' || ''tækkið'' || ''dæn'' || ''tœr'' || ''deyn'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Dative | ! Dative | ||
| Line 121: | Line 127: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan="4;" | Pl. !! Nominative | ! rowspan="4;" | Pl. !! Nominative | ||
| ''pinni'' || ''tækkði'' || ''dænji'' || '' | | ''pinni'' || ''tækkði'' || ''dænji'' || ''tœrvi'' || ''deuno'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Accusative | ! Accusative | ||