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--><!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->
--><!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? -->


'''Caryatic''' was  dreamed up by [[User:Iustinus|Iustinus]] in between taking notes for [[wikipedia:Andrew Sihler|Andrew Sihler]]'s "Comparative Grammar: Indo-European Phonology," in fall of 1997. It was first committed to computer on Dec. 11 of that year. Work continued on and off until late 2003. The language remained largely dormant until 2013, when work resumed, albeit at an absurdly glacial pace.
'''Caryatic''' was  dreamed up by [[User:Iustinus|Iustinus]] in between taking notes for [[wikipedia:Andrew Sihler|Andrew Sihler]]'s "Comparative Grammar: Indo-European Phonology," in fall of 1997. It was first committed to computer on Dec. 11 of that year. Work continued on and off until late 2003. The language remained largely dormant until 2013, when work resumed, albeit at an absurdly glacial pace. There was recently an uncharacteristic burst of activity for [[Lexember]] 2016.


The language was never fully complete, and much has been lost. As a result, much of this article will be necessarily vague or uncertain.
The language was never fully complete, and much has been lost. As a result, much of this article will be necessarily vague or uncertain.
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The original inspiration was to "reverse engineer" the reconstruction of Indo-European  from its daughter languages—which felt like an amazing new idea at the time, but which I now know as one of the most common sorts of conlang. I had actually attempted this a couple times before ('''ðɛ̃ʃwa ɛ̃nɛ̃nõta''', "'''Indo-Tonal'''), but never with the depth of knowledge I had acquired from my graduate-level Historical Linguistics classes.
The original inspiration was to "reverse engineer" the reconstruction of Indo-European  from its daughter languages—which felt like an amazing new idea at the time, but which I now know as one of the most common sorts of conlang. I had actually attempted this a couple times before ('''ðɛ̃ʃwa ɛ̃nɛ̃nõta''', "'''Indo-Tonal'''), but never with the depth of knowledge I had acquired from my graduate-level Historical Linguistics classes.


Like most of my conlangs, it draws much inspiration from the classical languages, but has broader influence from the rest of the Indo-European family. The three-vowel system was at least partially inspired by Sanskrit's propensity for the phoneme /a/.
Like most of my conlangs, it draws much inspiration from the classical languages, but has broader influence from the rest of the Indo-European family. The declension system was clearly modeled on Gothic, and the three-vowel system was at least partially influenced by Sanskrit's propensity for the phoneme /a/. The lack of voiced stops, on the other hand, was apparently inspired by Etruscan.


==== Involvement of other conlangers ====
==== Involvement of other conlangers ====
Among other conlangers, the following have been involved in some way:
Among other conlangers, the following have been involved in some way:
* '''Eric Christopherson''' was aprobably the first conlanger ever to see the language. He received a letter (snail-mail, if I remember right) containing a number of my language files with a cover-letter describing them all. This seems to have been around fall 1998. He quickly became a big fan of my work, often liking my languages more than I myself did, and after various system upgrades and harddrive crashes resulted in barely legible files he even created his own version of the Caryatic file, which corrects some errors and gathers some materials that I had missed.  
* '''Eric Christopherson''' was probably the first conlanger ever to see the language. He received a letter (snail-mail, if I remember right) containing a number of my language files with a cover-letter describing them all. This seems to have been around fall 1998. He quickly became a big fan of my work, often liking my languages more than I myself did, and after various system upgrades and harddrive crashes resulted in barely legible files he even created his own version of the Caryatic file, which corrects some errors and gathers some materials that I had missed.  
* '''[[User:Lambehto|David Salo]]''' was another early fan and critic of the language, and, furthermore, enjoyed proposing material for it. He submitted two proposals for the writing system, and at least one map (these would have been ca. 2000—2002). None of these ever became official, though I had intended to use them as a basis for whatever did.
* '''[[User:Lambehto|David Salo]]''' was another early fan and critic of the language, and, furthermore, enjoyed proposing material for it. He submitted two proposals for the writing system, and at least one map (these would have been ca. 2000—2002). None of these ever became official, though I had intended to use them as a basis for whatever did.
* '''[[user:Nicomega|Nicomega]]''' probably first learned of the language in the mid 20-aughts, but never got to see all the materials. He was enjoying trying to piece things together from the fragments I gave him, and as of April 2014 was even working on a "Caryatic Report," writing up a description of the language, like some sort of scholar working from limited ancient evidence. He therefore is simultaneously excited and disappointed to see me posting a fullish description here.
* '''[[user:Nicomega|Nicomega]]''' probably first learned of the language in the mid 20-aughts, but never got to see all the materials. He was enjoying trying to piece things together from the fragments I gave him, and as of April 2014 was even working on a "Caryatic Report," writing up a description of the language, like some sort of scholar working from limited ancient evidence. He therefore is simultaneously excited and disappointed to see me posting a fullish description here.
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* Indo-European
* Indo-European
** Samasian
** Samasian
***
*** Bataeo-Caryatic
****'''Caryatic''' (Detailed)
****'''Caryatic''' (Detailed)
****[[Bataic]] (sketched)
****[[Bataic]] (sketched)
***  
*** Aduro-Melavian
**** '''Aduric''' (roughly sketched)
**** '''Aduric''' (roughly sketched)
**** '''Melavian''' (roughly sketched)
**** '''Melavian''' (roughly sketched)
**
** Eleraean
*** [[Elerain]] (sketched)
*** [[Elerain]] (sketched)


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** ''Trasin''
** ''Trasin''
** ''Lābusās''
** ''Lābusās''
** ''Āmbiās [[#eH.E2.82.82-stems|-ām]]'' (gentilic)
** ''Sakarās [[#Masculine|-am]]'' (gentilic)
** ''Alfagīnakā'' (province)
** ''Alfagīnakā'' (province)
*** ''Bātavaiks'' (provincial capital)
*** ''Bātavaiks'' (provincial capital)
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*** ''Lākas'' (imperial capital)
*** ''Lākas'' (imperial capital)
*** ''Turukaims''<ref>The name ''Turukaims'' has the unusual honor of being accepted in the canon, despite being coined by David Salo rather than myself. It appeared on one of his proposals for a Caryatic alphabet, which was supposedly based on the "Turukaims Stele."</ref>
*** ''Turukaims''<ref>The name ''Turukaims'' has the unusual honor of being accepted in the canon, despite being coined by David Salo rather than myself. It appeared on one of his proposals for a Caryatic alphabet, which was supposedly based on the "Turukaims Stele."</ref>
*** ''Nuvilih''
*** ''Ayurīgas [[#Masculine and Feminine|-am]]''
*** ''Dub[n]asrutā''
*** ''Tassansrutā''
{{Multicol-break}}
{{Multicol-break}}
* '''''Asūyā'''''
* '''''Asūyā'''''
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|
|
|-
|-
! Glide
! Approximant
| ''u'' [w]
| ''u'' [w]
|
|
|
| ''r'' [rʲ ~ ʀʲ], ''l'' [ɫ]
| ''i'', ''y'' [j]
| ''i'', ''y'' [j]
|
|
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*# Nasals drop before homoörganic sounds, with nasalization of the previous vowel. (For the purpose of this rule, /n/ counts as homoörganic to both alveolar and velar sounds)
*# Nasals drop before homoörganic sounds, with nasalization of the previous vowel. (For the purpose of this rule, /n/ counts as homoörganic to both alveolar and velar sounds)
*# Nasals assimilate to the place of the following sound.
*# Nasals assimilate to the place of the following sound.


===Vowels===
===Vowels===
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<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
<!--===Morphophonology===-->
<!--===Morphophonology===-->


==Morphology==
==Morphology==
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This is the most common declension class.
This is the most common declension class.
===== Masculine =====
===== Masculine =====
{| class="wikitable"  
{| class="wikitable"  
! colspan=2 |
! colspan=2 |
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|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| upas
| upa<sup>n</sup>s
| ākuas
| ākua<sup>n</sup>s
| anitlas
| anitla<sup>n</sup>s
| nisdas
| nisda<sup>n</sup>s
| pātnas
| pātna<sup>n</sup>s
|}
|}


The nominative is effectively replaced by the oblique when "sigmatization" occurs. The oblique is also used for the vocative, at least in the singular.
The nominative singular is effectively replaced by the oblique when "sigmatization" occurs. The oblique is also used for the vocative singular.
 
 
====== ''kāras'' subtype ======
This declension is uncommon for words of native origin (e.g. ''kāras'' "horn"), but common in borrowings (e.g. ''urdigas'' "[[:w:Allium ursinum|ramson]]," borrowed from [[Elerain]]). The ''a'' of the stem may be retained, ignored, or coalesced with a following ''a'' into ''ā''.
 
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=2 |
! kāras<br/>"horn"
! urdigas<br/>"ramson"
|-
! rowspan=3 | Singular
! Nominative
| kāras
| urdigas
|-
! Genitive
| kārah, <small>-aah, -āh</small>
| urdigah, <small>-aah, -āh</small>
|-
! Oblique
| kāra
| urdiga
|-
! rowspan=3 | Plural
! Nominative
| kārās, <small>-aās</small>
| urdigās, <small>-aās</small>
|-
! Genitive
| kāram, <small>-aam, -ām</small>
| urdigam, <small>-aam, -ām</small>
|-
! Oblique
| kāra<sup>n</sup>s, <small>-aa<sup>n</sup>s, -ā<sup>n</sup>s</small>
| urdigas, <small>-aa<sup>n</sup>s, -ā<sup>n</sup>s</small>
|}




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|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| dīvas
| dīva<sup>n</sup>s
|}
|}


The neuter noun ''pāpu'' "wheel" has, for unknown reasons, the genitive ''pāpluh''. It is unknown if it shares the other irregularities of ''dīus''.  
The neuter noun ''pāpu'' "wheel" has, for unknown reasons, the genitive ''pāpluh''. It is unknown if it shares the other irregularities of ''dīus''.
 


===== Neuter =====
===== Neuter =====
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|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| sūras
| sūra<sup>n</sup>s
| kunas
| kuna<sup>n</sup>s
| dikantas
| dikanta<sup>n</sup>s
| patāras
| patāra<sup>n</sup>s
| hātmias(?)
| hātmia<sup>n</sup>s(?)
|}
|}


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! colspan=2 | ''r/n''-stem
! colspan=2 | ''r/n''-stem
! ''mn̥''-stem
! ''mn̥''-stem
! ''i''-stem
|-
|-
! gānās<br/>"clan"
! gānās<br/>"clan"
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! numir<br/>"lung"
! numir<br/>"lung"
! kanma<br/>"spell"
! kanma<br/>"spell"
! mādi<br/>"herbal infusion"
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Singular
! rowspan=3 | Singular
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| numir  
| numir  
| kanma
| kanma
| mādi
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
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| numanas  
| numanas  
| kanmanas
| kanmanas
| mādiās
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
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| numir  
| numir  
| kanma
| kanma
| mādi
|-
|-
! rowspan=3 | Plural
! rowspan=3 | Plural
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| numanā  
| numanā  
| kanmanā
| kanmanā
| mādiā
|-
|-
! Genitive
! Genitive
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| numanam
| numanam
| kanmanam
| kanmanam
| mādiām
|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
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| numanā  
| numanā  
| kanmanā
| kanmanā
| mādiā
|}
|}
It is not known if there are any neuter ''i''-stems.


==== ''u''-stems ====
==== ''u''-stems ====
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|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| sūnus
| sūnu<sup>n</sup>s
| turuā?
| turuā?
|}
|}
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|-
|-
! Oblique
! Oblique
| bānas
| bāna<sup>n</sup>s
| putavias
| putavia<sup>n</sup>s
|}
|}


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===Letter to The Salos===
===Letter to The Salos===
Sent to David and Dorothea Salo, this letter s actually a slightly modified version<ref>In fact, they vary only in their salutation: the original reads ''Yūdīs Masfīus Andrayā Sīlir-ad''.</ref> of one originally written for Andrew Sihler. Both versions were likely sent in early January 1998.
Sent to David and Dorothea Salo, this letter is actually a slightly modified version<ref>In fact, they vary only in their salutation: the original reads ''Yūdīs Masfīus Andrayā Sīlir-ad''.</ref> of one originally written for Andrew Sihler. Both versions were likely sent in early January 1998.
:Yūdīs Masfīus<sup>[SIC]</sup><ref name="Masfīus">It really should be "Yūdīs Masfīld dās Salūnas-ad" [ˈjuːtiːz masˈfiːł̥t tɑːssaˈłuːnazat]. The error results from blindly changing the name of the addressee in the salutation, without paying attention to how this changes the phonetic environment. I have however kept this in the phonetic description, as that is how it is read in the soundfile.</ref> tās Salūnas-ad
:Yūdīs Masfīus<sup>[SIC]</sup><ref name="Masfīus">It really should be "Yūdīs Masfīld dās Salūnas-ad" [ˈjuːtiːz masˈfiːł̥t tɑːssaˈłuːnazat]. The error results from blindly changing the name of the addressee in the salutation, without paying attention to how this changes the phonetic environment. I have however kept this in the phonetic description, as that is how it is read in the soundfile.</ref> tās Salūnas-ad
:Ti taisam Kaimānam Pirâda-an āsmi. Sas vaiks anāï “''Hell''” nāma-sānt ādi-ga. Au sī pirâdā a “upānā” au kavānā âdi-ga. Ti mama dimba-sa garfu-ga. Tād āh nāma “Kāriātikā” âdi-ga. Igu tua ī-sa, tāssānt ī “Indaurupayā” âdi, garfu-ga. Tū pid hāsi-ra? Tū tī dimba gankasi-ra?
:Ti taisam Kaimānam Pirâda-an āsmi. Sas vaiks anāï “''Hell''” nāma-sānt ādi-ga. Au sī pirâdā a “upānā” au kavānā âdi-ga. Ti mama dimba-sa garfu-ga. Tād āh nāma “Kāriātikā” âdi-ga. Igu tua ī-sa, tāssānt ī “Indaurupayā” âdi, garfu-ga. Tū pid hāsi-ra? Tū tī dimba gankasi-ra?
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Pronunciation:
Pronunciation:
: Yūdīs Masfīus<ref name="Masfīus"/> tās Salūnas-ad
: Yūdīs Masfīus<ref name="Masfīus"/> tās Salūnas-ad
: [ˈjuːtiːz masˈfiːws<ref name="Masfīus"/> tʰɑːssaˈłuːnazat]
: [ˈjuːtiːz masˈfiːws<ref name="Masfīus"/> tʰɑːssaˈɫuːnazat]
:
:
: Ti taisam Kaimānam Pirâda-an āsmi.
: Ti taisam Kaimānam Pirâda-an āsmi.
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# Sâ nâks dikâs<sup>[SIC]</sup> tis guarkan bântias-a raudî-ga,<br/>[sɑːˈnɑːkʰs tiˈkʰɑ̃ː tisˈkwar̥ʲkam ˈpɑːn̥tʰjaza rʲawˈtiːka]
# Sâ nâks dikâs<sup>[SIC]</sup> tis guarkan bântias-a raudî-ga,<br/>[sɑːˈnɑːkʰs tiˈkʰɑ̃ː tisˈkwar̥ʲkam ˈpɑːn̥tʰjaza rʲawˈtiːka]
# Is sama siyinkâ akuarin âghârfî-pâ, [............] pâpi-ga.<br/>[is sama zijĩ'kʰɑː ˈɦakʰwarʲin ˈɑːkxɑːrʲviːpɑː] ...... [ˈpʰɑːpʰika]
# Is sama siyinkâ akuarin âghârfî-pâ, [............] pâpi-ga.<br/>[is sama zijĩ'kʰɑː ˈɦakʰwarʲin ˈɑːkxɑːrʲviːpɑː] ...... [ˈpʰɑːpʰika]
# Â, Tâ dârva-ân dâmâî dikânta, tâ hâl dikânta pîrîbâkyu-ya!<br/>[ɑː tʰɑːˈtɑːrʲvaɦɑ̃ː ˈtɑːmɑːɦiː tiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰa tʰɑːˈɣɑːɫ̥ tiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰa ˈpʰiːrʲiːpɑːkʰjuja]
# Â, Tâ dârva-ân dâmâî dikânta, tâ hâl dikânta pîrîbâkyu-ya!<br/>[ɑː tʰɑːˈtɑːrʲβaɦɑ̃ː ˈtɑːmɑːɦiː tiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰa tʰɑːˈɣɑːɫ̥ tiˈkʰɑ̃ːtʰa ˈpʰiːrʲiːpɑːkʰjuja]
# Sâ âh anitû di-ta numanâ, tân-da âpa bâaisî.<br/>[sɑːˈɦaːɣ aniˈtʰuː titʰa numaˈnɑː tɑ̃ːta 'ɦɑːpʰa 'pɑːɦajziː]
# Sâ âh anitû di-ta numanâ, tân-da âpa bâaisî.<br/>[sɑːˈɦaːɣ aniˈtʰuː titʰa numaˈnɑː tɑ̃ːta 'ɦɑːpʰa 'pɑːɦajziː]
# Au sâ flaus dikâs<sup>[SIC]</sup> tis savas sinktuas<sup>[SIC]</sup> tâtikas-ân dâmâî-ga.<br/>[aw zɑː'vlaws tikɑ̃ː tisˈsaβas 'sĩkʰtʰwɑː 'tʰɑːtʰikʰazɑ̃ː 'tɑːmɑːɦiːka]
# Au sâ flaus dikâs<sup>[SIC]</sup> tis savas sinktuas<sup>[SIC]</sup> tâtikas-ân dâmâî-ga.<br/>[aw zɑː'vlaws tikɑ̃ː tisˈsaβas 'sĩkʰtʰwɑː 'tʰɑːtʰikʰazɑ̃ː 'tɑːmɑːɦiːka]
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* [http://cals.conlang.org/language/caryatic/ Caryatic] on CALS
* [http://cals.conlang.org/language/caryatic/ Caryatic] on CALS
* [http://conworkshop.info/view_language.php?l=CRT Caryatic] on CWS (requires login)
* [http://conworkshop.info/view_language.php?l=CRT Caryatic] on CWS (requires login)
* [https://listserv.brown.edu/?A2=ind0107c&L=CONLANG&P=75242 CONLANG-L, 17 Jul 2001 ]


== Notes ==
== Notes ==
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[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Indo-European languages]]
[[Category:Conlangs]]
[[Category:Languages]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:A posteriori]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Artlangs]]
[[Category:Caryatic]]
[[Category:Caryatic]]
[[Category:Samasian languages]]
Iustinus
105

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