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The majority of the letters are inherited from Ancient Greek. Some are internal developments, from variants or ligatures of other letters, and some are later borrowings from Greek. A few letters have an unknown or uncertain origin. | The majority of the letters are inherited from Ancient Greek. Some are internal developments, from variants or ligatures of other letters, and some are later borrowings from Greek. A few letters have an unknown or uncertain origin. | ||
The names of the letters are Celabrian innovations. | The names of the letters are Celabrian innovations. | ||
====Celabrian alphabet==== | ====Celabrian alphabet==== | ||
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! Romanization !! IPA !! Meaning !! Script !! Letter | ! Romanization !! IPA !! Meaning !! Script !! Letter | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || a || {{IPA|/ | | || a || {{IPA|/ɑ/}} || až || {{IPA|/ɑʒ/}} || snake || Greek || Α || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || b || {{IPA|/b/}} || boz || {{IPA|/boz/}} || arm || Greek || Β || Inherited. | | || b || {{IPA|/b/}} || boz || {{IPA|/boz/}} || arm || Greek || Β || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || h || {{IPA|/ɦ ~ ʁ/}} || haθ || {{IPA|/ | | || h || {{IPA|/ɦ ~ ʁ/}} || haθ || {{IPA|/ɦɑθ/}} || stranger, foreigner || Greek || Γ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || d || {{IPA|/d/}} || dur || {{IPA|/duɾ/}} || door || Greek || Δ || Inherited. | | || d || {{IPA|/d/}} || dur || {{IPA|/duɾ/}} || door || Greek || Δ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || e || {{IPA|/e/}} || ječ || {{IPA|/ | | || e || {{IPA|/e/}} || ječ || {{IPA|/jet͡ʃʰ/}} || belly, guts, inside || Greek || Ε || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || g || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || got || {{IPA|/ɡotʰ/}} || axe || Greek || F || Inherited. | | || g || {{IPA|/ɡ/}} || got || {{IPA|/ɡotʰ/}} || axe || Greek || F || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || z || {{IPA|/z/}} || zan || {{IPA|/ | | || z || {{IPA|/z/}} || zan || {{IPA|/zɑn/}} || goose || Greek || Ζ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || æ || {{IPA|/æ/}} || jæʒ || {{IPA|/ | | || æ || {{IPA|/æ/}} || jæʒ || {{IPA|/jæd͡z/}} || goat || Greek || Η || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || t || {{IPA|/tʰ/}} || tøk || {{IPA|/tʰøkʰ/}} || sprout, seedling || Greek || Θ || Inherited. | | || t || {{IPA|/tʰ/}} || tøk || {{IPA|/tʰøkʰ/}} || sprout, seedling || Greek || Θ || Inherited. | ||
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| || ǵ || {{IPA|/ɟ/}} || ǵuq || {{IPA|/ɟuʔ/}} || yoke || Greek || Ι || From an early variant of ''jič''. | | || ǵ || {{IPA|/ɟ/}} || ǵuq || {{IPA|/ɟuʔ/}} || yoke || Greek || Ι || From an early variant of ''jič''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || i || {{IPA|/i/}} || jič || {{IPA|/ | | || i || {{IPA|/i/}} || jič || {{IPA|/jit͡ʃʰ/}} || road, path || Greek || Ι || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ḳ || {{IPA|/kʼ/}} || ḳṙiv || {{IPA|/kʼriv/}} || carving || Greek || Κ || Inherited. | | || ḳ || {{IPA|/kʼ/}} || ḳṙiv || {{IPA|/kʼriv/}} || carving || Greek || Κ || Inherited. | ||
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| || ł || {{IPA|/ɫ/}} || łæš || {{IPA|/ɫæʃ/}} || (< ''læše'' "plough") || Greek || Λ || Inherited. | | || ł || {{IPA|/ɫ/}} || łæš || {{IPA|/ɫæʃ/}} || (< ''læše'' "plough") || Greek || Λ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || c || {{IPA|/ | | || c || {{IPA|/t͡sʰ/}} || cək || {{IPA|/t͡sʰəkʰ/}} || peg, hook || Greek || Ψ || From an early variant of ''sap''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || m || {{IPA|/m/}} || myš || {{IPA|/myʃ/}} || mouse || Greek || Μ || Inherited. | | || m || {{IPA|/m/}} || myš || {{IPA|/myʃ/}} || mouse || Greek || Μ || Inherited. | ||
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| || n || {{IPA|/n/}} || niθ || {{IPA|/niθ/}} || seat, chair; sitting, meeting; situation || Greek || Ν || Inherited. | | || n || {{IPA|/n/}} || niθ || {{IPA|/niθ/}} || seat, chair; sitting, meeting; situation || Greek || Ν || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || č || {{IPA|/ | | || č || {{IPA|/t͡ʃʰ/}} || čar || {{IPA|/t͡ʃʰɑɾ/}} || dry || Greek || Ξ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || u || {{IPA|/u/}} || vun || {{IPA|/vun/}} || water || Greek || Ο || Inherited. | | || u || {{IPA|/u/}} || vun || {{IPA|/vun/}} || water || Greek || Ο || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ṗ || {{IPA|/pʼ/}} || ṗak || {{IPA|/ | | || ṗ || {{IPA|/pʼ/}} || ṗak || {{IPA|/pʼɑkʰ/}} || club || Greek || Π || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || c̣ || {{IPA|/ | | || c̣ || {{IPA|/t͡sʼ/}} || c̣əm || {{IPA|/t͡sʼəm/}} || molar || Greek || Ϻ (''san'') || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ḳ́ || {{IPA|/cʼ/}}|| ḳ́ø || {{IPA|/cʼø/}} || cattle || Greek || Ϙ || Inherited. | | || ḳ́ || {{IPA|/cʼ/}}|| ḳ́ø || {{IPA|/cʼø/}} || cattle || Greek || Ϙ || Inherited. | ||
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| || r || {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || rot || {{IPA|/ɾotʰ/}} || (< ''ṙot'' "cane") || Greek || Ρ || Inherited. | | || r || {{IPA|/ɾ/}} || rot || {{IPA|/ɾotʰ/}} || (< ''ṙot'' "cane") || Greek || Ρ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ǯ || {{IPA|/ | | || ǯ || {{IPA|/d͡ʒ/}} || ǯarm || {{IPA|/d͡ʒɑɾm/}} || warm || ? || ? || Origin unknown. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || š || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || šaš || {{IPA|/ | | || š || {{IPA|/ʃ/}} || šaš || {{IPA|/ʃɑʃ/}} || (< ''šašə'' "comb") || Greek || Σ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ṭ || {{IPA|/tʼ/}} || ṭaš || {{IPA|/ | | || ṭ || {{IPA|/tʼ/}} || ṭaš || {{IPA|/tʼɑʃ/}} || tear || Greek || Τ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ň || {{IPA|/ɲ/}} || ňam || {{IPA|/ | | || ň || {{IPA|/ɲ/}} || ňam || {{IPA|/ɲɑm/}} || shoot || ? || ? || Origin unknown. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || v || {{IPA|/v/}} || vuš || {{IPA|/vuʃ/}} || ox || Greek || Υ || Inherited. | | || v || {{IPA|/v/}} || vuš || {{IPA|/vuʃ/}} || ox || Greek || Υ || Inherited. | ||
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| || p || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} || pit || {{IPA|/pʰitʰ/}} || feather || Greek || Φ || Inherited. | | || p || {{IPA|/pʰ/}} || pit || {{IPA|/pʰitʰ/}} || feather || Greek || Φ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || č̣ || {{IPA|/ | | || č̣ || {{IPA|/t͡ʃʼ/}}|| č̣alč || {{IPA|/t͡ʃʼɑltʃʰ/}} || crossbow || ? || ? || Origin unknown. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || k || {{IPA|/kʰ/}} || kap || {{IPA|/ | | || k || {{IPA|/kʰ/}} || kap || {{IPA|/kʰɑpʰ/}} || head || Greek || Χ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ř || {{IPA|/ɹ/}} || řeł || {{IPA|/ɹeɫ/}} || gerboa || Greek? || Ϻ? || Origin uncertain. Probably from Greek Ϻ (''san''). | | || ř || {{IPA|/ɹ/}} || řeł || {{IPA|/ɹeɫ/}} || gerboa || Greek? || Ϻ? || Origin uncertain. Probably from Greek Ϻ (''san''). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || s || {{IPA|/s/}} || sap || {{IPA|/ | | || s || {{IPA|/s/}} || sap || {{IPA|/sɑpʰ/}} || hoof || Greek || Ψ || Inherited. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || o || {{IPA|/o/}} || vobl || {{IPA|/vobl/}} || apple || Greek || Ω || Inherited. | | || o || {{IPA|/o/}} || vobl || {{IPA|/vobl/}} || apple || Greek || Ω || Inherited. | ||
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| || θ || {{IPA|/θ/}} || θæh || {{IPA|/θæʁ/}} || path || Greek || Θ || A later borrowing. | | || θ || {{IPA|/θ/}} || θæh || {{IPA|/θæʁ/}} || path || Greek || Θ || A later borrowing. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || f || {{IPA|/f/}} || far || {{IPA|/ | | || f || {{IPA|/f/}} || far || {{IPA|/fɑɾ/}} || sparrow || Greek || Φ || A later borrowing. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || x || {{IPA|/h ~ χ/}} || xał || {{IPA|/ | | || x || {{IPA|/h ~ χ/}} || xał || {{IPA|/hɑɫ ~ χɑɫ/}} || large fish, whale || Greek || Χ || A later borrowing. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || y || {{IPA|/y/}} || vyrḱ || {{IPA|/vyɾcʰ/}} || jar || Greek || Υ || A later borrowing. | | || y || {{IPA|/y/}} || vyrḱ || {{IPA|/vyɾcʰ/}} || jar || Greek || Υ || A later borrowing. | ||
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| || ø || {{IPA|/ø/}} || vøš || {{IPA|/vøʃ/}} || ear || Greek || ΟΙ || Originally a ligature of ''vun'' + ''jič''. | | || ø || {{IPA|/ø/}} || vøš || {{IPA|/vøʃ/}} || ear || Greek || ΟΙ || Originally a ligature of ''vun'' + ''jič''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ŋ || {{IPA|/ŋ/}} || ŋaš || {{IPA|/ | | || ŋ || {{IPA|/ŋ/}} || ŋaš || {{IPA|/ŋɑʃ/}} || silence || Greek || ΓΓ || Originally a ligature of ''haθ'' + ''haθ''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ž || {{IPA|/ʒ/}} || žam || {{IPA|/ | | || ž || {{IPA|/ʒ/}} || žam || {{IPA|/ʒɑm/}} || hour || ? || ? || Originally a variant of ''ǯar''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || q || {{IPA|/ʔ ~ q/}} || qłuθ || {{IPA|/qɫuθ/}} || servant || Greek || Κ || Originally a variant of ''ḳṙiv''. | | || q || {{IPA|/ʔ ~ q/}} || qłuθ || {{IPA|/qɫuθ/}} || servant || Greek || Κ || Originally a variant of ''ḳṙiv''. | ||
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| || ḱ || {{IPA|/cʰ/}} || ḱøt || {{IPA|/cʰøtʰ/}} || fight || Greek || Χ || Originally a variant of ''kap''. | | || ḱ || {{IPA|/cʰ/}} || ḱøt || {{IPA|/cʰøtʰ/}} || fight || Greek || Χ || Originally a variant of ''kap''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ʒ || {{IPA|/ | | || ʒ || {{IPA|/d͡z/}} || ʒoč || {{IPA|/d͡zot͡ʃʰ/}} || (< ''ʒočə'' "whip")|| Greek || Ζ || Originally a variant of ''zan''. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| || ð || {{IPA|/ð/}} || ðiš || {{IPA|/ðiʃ/}} || axe, adze || Greek || Δ || Originally a variant of ''dur''. | | || ð || {{IPA|/ð/}} || ðiš || {{IPA|/ðiʃ/}} || axe, adze || Greek || Δ || Originally a variant of ''dur''. | ||
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| ''e'' /e/ | | ''e'' /e/ | ||
| ''ø'' /ø/ | | ''ø'' /ø/ | ||
| ''o, ó'' /o/ | | ''o, ó'' /o/<small><sup>1</sup></small> | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Open | ! Open | ||
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| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
'''Notes:''' | |||
<small><sup>1</sup></small> The vowels ''o'' and ''ó'' are pronounced identically in Standard Celabrian. The different graphemes represent an etymological distinction: ''o'' comes Classical Celabrian long ''ō'', while ''ó'' corresponds to Classical Celabrian short ''o'' (which was only present in loanwords). Some dialects distinguish these phonemes, pronouncing ''o'' as /ɔ/ and ''ó'' as /o/. | |||
===Prosody=== | ===Prosody=== | ||
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*''<u>e</u>'': mixed harmonizing vowel (''ə/e'') | *''<u>e</u>'': mixed harmonizing vowel (''ə/e'') | ||
Harmonizing affixes harmonize with the nearest vowel in the word they are attached to. Vowels within a word do not have to agree in frontness/backness, but they usually do except in compound words. | Harmonizing affixes harmonize with the nearest vowel in the word they are attached to. Vowels within a word do not have to agree in frontness/backness, but they usually do except in compound words. | ||
The mid rounded vowels ''o, ó'', and ''ø'' are not affected by vowel harmony. | |||
====Palatalization==== | ====Palatalization==== | ||
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====Voice assimilation==== | ====Voice assimilation==== | ||
When a prefix beginning in an obstruent attaches to a word ending in an obstruent, the initial consonant of the prefix assimilates to the final consonant of the root in voicing. If their places of articulation are close enough, there may be complete assimilation. Similarly, a final obstruent in a prefix assimilates to a following obstruent. A similar process takes place with the first component of compound words, but this is not indicated in writing. | When a prefix beginning in an obstruent attaches to a word ending in an obstruent, the initial consonant of the prefix assimilates to the final consonant of the root in voicing. If their places of articulation are close enough, there may be complete assimilation. Similarly, a final obstruent in a prefix assimilates to a following obstruent. A similar process takes place with the first component of compound words, but this is not indicated in writing. | ||
====Palatal assimilation==== | |||
This occurs when a prefix beginning in ''n'' or ''ł'' follows a word ending in a palatal consonant. In this circumstance: | |||
*n > ň | |||
*ł > l | |||
====Hiatus resolution==== | ====Hiatus resolution==== | ||
When vowels meet at morpheme boundaries, the following changes take place: | When vowels meet at morpheme boundaries, the following changes take place: | ||
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*ə > disappears / before or after any vowel except ə | *ə > disappears / before or after any vowel except ə | ||
*close vowel > disappears / adjacent to homorganic mid vowel | *close vowel > disappears / adjacent to homorganic mid vowel | ||
*v is inserted between rounded vowel (o, ø, u, y) and any adjacent vowel | *v is inserted between rounded vowel (o, ø, ó, u, y) and any adjacent vowel | ||
*e; i > je; ji / after any non-rounded vowel | *e; i > je; ji / after any non-rounded vowel | ||
*a > ja / after unrounded front vowel | *a > ja / after unrounded front vowel | ||
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====Late PC to Old Celabrian==== | ====Late PC to Old Celabrian==== | ||
ḱ; ḱʰ; ǵʰ > č /t͡ʃ/; čʰ /t͡ʃʰ/; ǯ /d͡ʒʱ/ | ḱ; ḱʰ; ǵʰ > č /t͡ʃ/; čʰ /t͡ʃʰ/; ǯ /d͡ʒʱ/ | ||
stop consonant + | stop consonant + t(ʰ) > ttʰ | ||
ns > s / when non-final (lengthens preceding vowel) | ns > s / when non-final (lengthens preceding vowel) | ||
s > š / ī_ | s > š / ī_ | ||
-s, -š, -t > disappear / _# | -s, -š, -t > disappear / _# | ||
-r > disappear / ō_# | |||
s- > ž / #_ | s- > ž / #_ | ||
-s- > h / V_V | -s- > h / V_V | ||
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e > ja / before a; in non-final closed syllables | e > ja / before a; in non-final closed syllables | ||
e > je / except when final, in diphthong, or immediately followed by nasal | e > je / except when final, in diphthong, or immediately followed by nasal | ||
*Note: The above two changes do not affect "e" in loanwords, probably because they differed in quality. After these changes occurred, the borrowed "e" merged with its native equivalent. | |||
ō > vø̄-, -ø̄- | ō > vø̄-, -ø̄- | ||
ū > vȳ, -ȳ- | ū > vȳ, -ȳ- | ||
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ȳ; ø̄ > ī; ē | ȳ; ø̄ > ī; ē | ||
====Classical Celabrian to Standard Modern Celabrian==== | ====Classical Celabrian to Standard Modern Celabrian==== | ||
v > ʷ / C_ | v > ʷ / C_ | ||
a > ə / before nasal in closed syllable | a > ə / before nasal in closed syllable | ||
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a; ə; e; o; ɨ; u > e; e; i; ø; i; y / when followed by i in following syllable | a; ə; e; o; ɨ; u > e; e; i; ø; i; y / when followed by i in following syllable | ||
ji > i / C_ | ji > i / C_ | ||
gʷ > g | |||
velar > palatal / before front vowel or j | velar > palatal / before front vowel or j | ||
Cʷ > uC / after stressed, open vowel | Cʷ > uC / after stressed, open vowel | ||
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p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > ṗ; ṭ; c̣; č̣; ḳ́; ḳ / #_ | p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > ṗ; ṭ; c̣; č̣; ḳ́; ḳ / #_ | ||
p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > b; d; ʒ; ǯ; ǵ; q / V_, r_, l_ | p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > b; d; ʒ; ǯ; ǵ; q / V_, r_, l_ | ||
p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > pʰ; tʰ; cʰ; čʰ; ḱʰ; kʰ / s_, š_ | |||
h, x > x /χ ~ h/ | h, x > x /χ ~ h/ | ||
r > ṙ /r/ / when initial or geminated | r > ṙ /r/ / when initial or geminated | ||
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z/ž + r/ř/ṙ > epenthetic -d- inserted | z/ž + r/ř/ṙ > epenthetic -d- inserted | ||
affricate + stop > affricate becomes corresponding appropriately voiced fricative | affricate + stop > affricate becomes corresponding appropriately voiced fricative | ||
ř + consonant > ř becomes post-alveolar fricative | initial ř + consonant > ř becomes post-alveolar fricative | ||
T + s/z > c/ʒ | T + s/z > c/ʒ | ||
Č + s/z > č/ǯ | Č + s/z > č/ǯ | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Dual | ! colspan="2" | Dual | ||
| ned || | | ned || aknad || nediq || nedid || nedix || nede || nedim || nediv || neden || nedo || -n<u>a</u>d || -om | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan="2" | Plural | ! colspan="2" | Plural | ||
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Proximity is indicated with the suffix ''-s'', which is added before case endings. When added to a word ending in the definite article, the ''-n'' is dropped. | Proximity is indicated with the suffix ''-s'', which is added before case endings. When added to a word ending in the definite article, the ''-n'' is dropped. | ||
====Interrogatives==== | |||
The interrogative is formed from nouns by suffixing ''-ǵ'' after any demonstrative endings and before case endings. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives are | Adjectives are declined the same as nouns, agreeing with them in case and number. An adjective can also be used independently. | ||
====Nisba adjectives==== | |||
Nisba adjectives are formed with the suffix ''-i''<!--related to Armenian -i from PIE-->. | |||
===Numbers=== | ===Numbers=== | ||
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==Syntax== | ==Syntax== | ||
===Constituent order=== | ===Constituent order=== | ||
The most common word order is | The most common word order is AXTV, where V = verb, T = theme (absolutive argument: object of transitive, subject of intransitive), A = agent (ergative argument), X = other arguments. | ||
However, other words orders are allowed and common. In particular, words may be placed at the beginning of a sentence for emphasis, especially if followed by the emphatic particle ''ǯe''. | |||
===Noun phrase=== | ===Noun phrase=== | ||
Modifiers follow the noun they modify. | Modifiers may precede or follow the noun they modify. | ||
===Verb phrase=== | ===Verb phrase=== | ||
The verb most often occurs at the | The verb most often occurs at the end of the phrase<!--, especially in subordinate clauses-->. | ||
===Sentence phrase=== | ===Sentence phrase=== | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
===Time - ''koxan''=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Seasons - ''x́øren'' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| spring || gəṙ <!--wésr--> | |||
|- | |||
| summer || mæ <!--smh2ṓr--> | |||
|- | |||
| fall || aṙ <!--h1ósr--> | |||
|- | |||
| winter || zmor <!--ģhimḗr--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Gregorian months - ''milædijen mišen'' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| January || ǵňoř <!--CC g'anvṓř--> | |||
|- | |||
| February || pṙoř <!--CC phørvṓř--> | |||
|- | |||
| March || mařʒ <!--CC márc--> | |||
|- | |||
| April || bṙił <!--CC aprī́l--> | |||
|- | |||
| May || maj <!--CC majj--> | |||
|- | |||
| June || ḳ́aršoř <!-- CC kerašjṓř< cerasiārius --> | |||
|- | |||
| July || ǵyl <!-- CC ģýľ--> | |||
|- | |||
| August || hušt<!-- CC agúšth--> | |||
|- | |||
| September || štabṙ <!-- Earlier štebr (modified influence šta) CC řjathémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
| October || tebṙ <!--CC athémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
| November || nebṙ <!--CC anémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
| December || ṭjasabṙ <!--CC tjasémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Days of the week - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| Sunday || řonžvata <!--ḳ́yrǵe--> <!--CC kyřakē'--> | |||
|- | |||
| Monday || ṭyžvata <!--dere--> <!--CC dø-téra--> | |||
|- | |||
| Tuesday || čižvata <!--č̣id--> <!--CC tríti--> | |||
|- | |||
| Wednesday || štyržvata<!-- deřd --><!--CC tetárti--> | |||
|- | |||
| Thursday || pečžvata <!--ṗet --><!--CC pénti--> | |||
|- | |||
| Friday || ǯumhə <!--CC parashkhø-' ---> | |||
|- | |||
| Saturday || šəmad <!-- CC šámbat--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Parts of the day - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| day || løm | |||
|- | |||
| dawn || røre | |||
|- | |||
| morning || fšiš | |||
|- | |||
| noon || mježløm <!-- medhyos...--> | |||
|- | |||
| afternoon || gəfṙ <!-- weksperos--> | |||
|- | |||
| evening || šep <!-- kwseps--> | |||
|- | |||
| dusk || vøṙ | |||
|- | |||
| night || natə <!--nokwtā--> | |||
|- | |||
| midnight || mježnatə <!-- medhyos...--> | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Units of time - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| second || θæniye | |||
|- | |||
| minute || mot <!--meh1tis--> | |||
|- | |||
| hour || koxə | |||
|- | |||
| day || løm | |||
|- | |||
| week || řat <!--CC řjat (or šabát Armenian--> | |||
|- | |||
| month || miš | |||
|- | |||
| season || x́øre | |||
|- | |||
| year || ǵat <!--wétos--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Time adverbs - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| now || ni <!--nū--> | |||
|- | |||
| then || | |||
|- | |||
| recently, a short time ago || | |||
|- | |||
| earlier || | |||
|- | |||
| soon, shortly || | |||
|- | |||
| later || | |||
|- | |||
| always || jeje | |||
|- | |||
| often || | |||
|- | |||
| sometimes || | |||
|- | |||
| rarely || | |||
|- | |||
| never || veve | |||
|- | |||
| ever || | |||
|- | |||
| still, yet || | |||
|- | |||
| already || | |||
|- | |||
| today || lømys<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| tonight || natas<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| yesterday || ze<!--dhģhyes--> | |||
|- | |||
| last night || zenatə<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| tomorrow || mon <!--L māne--> | |||
|- | |||
| tomorrow night || monnatə | |||
|- | |||
| before yesterday || | |||
|- | |||
| two nights ago || | |||
|- | |||
| after tomorrow || | |||
|- | |||
| this week || | |||
|- | |||
| last week || | |||
|- | |||
| next week || | |||
|- | |||
| this year || ǵatəs<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| last year || pjerit<!--from peruti--> | |||
|- | |||
| next year || | |||
|} | |||
===Colours - ''ṙəŋanən''=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Colours - ''ṙəŋanən'' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| white || barǯə | |||
|- | |||
| grey || kani | |||
|- | |||
| black || | |||
|- | |||
| red || ḱermił | |||
|- | |||
| orange || narənǯi | |||
|- | |||
| brown || qaxvi | |||
|- | |||
| yellow || blør <!--*bʰloh₁-ro---> | |||
|- | |||
| green || zjeł <!--ǵʰelh--> | |||
|- | |||
| blue || | |||
|- | |||
| pink || | |||
|- | |||
| purple || | |||
|- | |||
| golden || zlati <!--*ǵʰl̥h₃-tó-s + -i--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> |
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