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====Late PC to Old Celabrian==== | ====Late PC to Old Celabrian==== | ||
ḱ; ḱʰ; ǵʰ > č /t͡ʃ/; čʰ /t͡ʃʰ/; ǯ /d͡ʒʱ/ | ḱ; ḱʰ; ǵʰ > č /t͡ʃ/; čʰ /t͡ʃʰ/; ǯ /d͡ʒʱ/ | ||
stop consonant + | stop consonant + t(ʰ) > ttʰ | ||
ns > s / when non-final (lengthens preceding vowel) | ns > s / when non-final (lengthens preceding vowel) | ||
s > š / ī_ | s > š / ī_ | ||
-s, -š, -t > disappear / _# | -s, -š, -t > disappear / _# | ||
-r > disappear / ō_# | |||
s- > ž / #_ | s- > ž / #_ | ||
-s- > h / V_V | -s- > h / V_V | ||
Line 527: | Line 528: | ||
e > ja / before a; in non-final closed syllables | e > ja / before a; in non-final closed syllables | ||
e > je / except when final, in diphthong, or immediately followed by nasal | e > je / except when final, in diphthong, or immediately followed by nasal | ||
*Note: The above two changes do not affect "e" in loanwords, probably because they differed in quality. After these changes occurred, the borrowed "e" merged with its native equivalent. | |||
ō > vø̄-, -ø̄- | ō > vø̄-, -ø̄- | ||
ū > vȳ, -ȳ- | ū > vȳ, -ȳ- | ||
Line 702: | Line 704: | ||
ȳ; ø̄ > ī; ē | ȳ; ø̄ > ī; ē | ||
====Classical Celabrian to Standard Modern Celabrian==== | ====Classical Celabrian to Standard Modern Celabrian==== | ||
v > ʷ / C_ | v > ʷ / C_ | ||
a > ə / before nasal in closed syllable | a > ə / before nasal in closed syllable | ||
Line 712: | Line 714: | ||
a; ə; e; o; ɨ; u > e; e; i; ø; i; y / when followed by i in following syllable | a; ə; e; o; ɨ; u > e; e; i; ø; i; y / when followed by i in following syllable | ||
ji > i / C_ | ji > i / C_ | ||
gʷ > g | |||
velar > palatal / before front vowel or j | velar > palatal / before front vowel or j | ||
Cʷ > uC / after stressed, open vowel | Cʷ > uC / after stressed, open vowel | ||
Cʷ > C / otherwise | Cʷ > C / otherwise | ||
iu > ju / _C | iu > ju / _C | ||
nj; (l)lj; (r)rj > ň; ľ; ř | nj; (l)lj; (r)rj > ň; ľ; ř | ||
Line 730: | Line 732: | ||
p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > ṗ; ṭ; c̣; č̣; ḳ́; ḳ / #_ | p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > ṗ; ṭ; c̣; č̣; ḳ́; ḳ / #_ | ||
p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > b; d; ʒ; ǯ; ǵ; q / V_, r_, l_ | p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > b; d; ʒ; ǯ; ǵ; q / V_, r_, l_ | ||
p; t; c; č; ḱ; k > pʰ; tʰ; cʰ; čʰ; ḱʰ; kʰ / s_, š_ | |||
h, x > x /χ ~ h/ | h, x > x /χ ~ h/ | ||
r > ṙ /r/ / when initial or geminated | r > ṙ /r/ / when initial or geminated | ||
Line 753: | Line 756: | ||
z/ž + r/ř/ṙ > epenthetic -d- inserted | z/ž + r/ř/ṙ > epenthetic -d- inserted | ||
affricate + stop > affricate becomes corresponding appropriately voiced fricative | affricate + stop > affricate becomes corresponding appropriately voiced fricative | ||
ř + consonant > ř becomes post-alveolar fricative | initial ř + consonant > ř becomes post-alveolar fricative | ||
T + s/z > c/ʒ | T + s/z > c/ʒ | ||
Č + s/z > č/ǯ | Č + s/z > č/ǯ | ||
Line 1,017: | Line 1,020: | ||
====Interrogatives==== | ====Interrogatives==== | ||
The interrogative is formed from nouns by suffixing ''- | The interrogative is formed from nouns by suffixing ''-ǵ'' after any demonstrative endings and before case endings. | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
Adjectives are declined the same as nouns, agreeing with them in case and number. An adjective can also be used independently. | Adjectives are declined the same as nouns, agreeing with them in case and number. An adjective can also be used independently. | ||
====Nisba adjectives==== | |||
Nisba adjectives are formed with the suffix ''-i''<!--related to Armenian -i from PIE-->. | |||
===Numbers=== | ===Numbers=== | ||
Line 1,356: | Line 1,361: | ||
===Dependent clauses=== | ===Dependent clauses=== | ||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | <!-- etc. etc. --> | ||
==Vocabulary== | |||
===Time - ''koxan''=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Seasons - ''x́øren'' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| spring || gəṙ <!--wésr--> | |||
|- | |||
| summer || mæ <!--smh2ṓr--> | |||
|- | |||
| fall || aṙ <!--h1ósr--> | |||
|- | |||
| winter || zmor <!--ģhimḗr--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Gregorian months - ''milædijen mišen'' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| January || ǵňoř <!--CC g'anvṓř--> | |||
|- | |||
| February || pṙoř <!--CC phørvṓř--> | |||
|- | |||
| March || mařʒ <!--CC márc--> | |||
|- | |||
| April || bṙił <!--CC aprī́l--> | |||
|- | |||
| May || maj <!--CC majj--> | |||
|- | |||
| June || ḳ́aršoř <!-- CC kerašjṓř< cerasiārius --> | |||
|- | |||
| July || ǵyl <!-- CC ģýľ--> | |||
|- | |||
| August || hušt<!-- CC agúšth--> | |||
|- | |||
| September || štabṙ <!-- Earlier štebr (modified influence šta) CC řjathémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
| October || tebṙ <!--CC athémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
| November || nebṙ <!--CC anémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
| December || ṭjasabṙ <!--CC tjasémbr--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Days of the week - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| Sunday || řonžvata <!--ḳ́yrǵe--> <!--CC kyřakē'--> | |||
|- | |||
| Monday || ṭyžvata <!--dere--> <!--CC dø-téra--> | |||
|- | |||
| Tuesday || čižvata <!--č̣id--> <!--CC tríti--> | |||
|- | |||
| Wednesday || štyržvata<!-- deřd --><!--CC tetárti--> | |||
|- | |||
| Thursday || pečžvata <!--ṗet --><!--CC pénti--> | |||
|- | |||
| Friday || ǯumhə <!--CC parashkhø-' ---> | |||
|- | |||
| Saturday || šəmad <!-- CC šámbat--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Parts of the day - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| day || løm | |||
|- | |||
| dawn || røre | |||
|- | |||
| morning || fšiš | |||
|- | |||
| noon || mježløm <!-- medhyos...--> | |||
|- | |||
| afternoon || gəfṙ <!-- weksperos--> | |||
|- | |||
| evening || šep <!-- kwseps--> | |||
|- | |||
| dusk || vøṙ | |||
|- | |||
| night || natə <!--nokwtā--> | |||
|- | |||
| midnight || mježnatə <!-- medhyos...--> | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Units of time - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| second || θæniye | |||
|- | |||
| minute || mot <!--meh1tis--> | |||
|- | |||
| hour || koxə | |||
|- | |||
| day || løm | |||
|- | |||
| week || řat <!--CC řjat (or šabát Armenian--> | |||
|- | |||
| month || miš | |||
|- | |||
| season || x́øre | |||
|- | |||
| year || ǵat <!--wétos--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Time adverbs - '' '' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| now || ni <!--nū--> | |||
|- | |||
| then || | |||
|- | |||
| recently, a short time ago || | |||
|- | |||
| earlier || | |||
|- | |||
| soon, shortly || | |||
|- | |||
| later || | |||
|- | |||
| always || jeje | |||
|- | |||
| often || | |||
|- | |||
| sometimes || | |||
|- | |||
| rarely || | |||
|- | |||
| never || veve | |||
|- | |||
| ever || | |||
|- | |||
| still, yet || | |||
|- | |||
| already || | |||
|- | |||
| today || lømys<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| tonight || natas<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| yesterday || ze<!--dhģhyes--> | |||
|- | |||
| last night || zenatə<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| tomorrow || mon <!--L māne--> | |||
|- | |||
| tomorrow night || monnatə | |||
|- | |||
| before yesterday || | |||
|- | |||
| two nights ago || | |||
|- | |||
| after tomorrow || | |||
|- | |||
| this week || | |||
|- | |||
| last week || | |||
|- | |||
| next week || | |||
|- | |||
| this year || ǵatəs<!--> | |||
|- | |||
| last year || pjerit<!--from peruti--> | |||
|- | |||
| next year || | |||
|} | |||
===Colours - ''ṙəŋanən''=== | |||
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center" | |||
|+ Colours - ''ṙəŋanən'' | |||
! English !! Celabrian | |||
|- | |||
| white || barǯə | |||
|- | |||
| grey || kani | |||
|- | |||
| black || | |||
|- | |||
| red || ḱermił | |||
|- | |||
| orange || narənǯi | |||
|- | |||
| brown || qaxvi | |||
|- | |||
| yellow || blør <!--*bʰloh₁-ro---> | |||
|- | |||
| green || zjeł <!--ǵʰelh--> | |||
|- | |||
| blue || | |||
|- | |||
| pink || | |||
|- | |||
| purple || | |||
|- | |||
| golden || zlati <!--*ǵʰl̥h₃-tó-s + -i--> | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Example texts== | ==Example texts== | ||
==Other resources== | ==Other resources== | ||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | <!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> |
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