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Chelsian: Difference between revisions

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Chelsian (view source)

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|-
|-
| ''e''; unstressed ''i, ē'' || ''ā'' or ''au'' ||
| ''e''; unstressed ''i, ē'' || ''ā'' or ''au'' ||
|-
|| ''o, ō, u, ū'' || ''au''
|| ''o, ō, u, ū'' || ''au''
|-
|-
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! Tense !! Formation !! Remarks
! Tense !! Formation !! Remarks
|-
|-
| Future || present tense of ''īre'' "to go" + supine (acc.) || rowspan="2"|This can be made into a future-in-past form by instead using the appropriate past tense form of ''jīre''.
| Future || present tense of ''jīre'' "to go" + supine (acc.) || rowspan="2"|This can be made into a future-in-past form by instead using the appropriate past tense form of ''jīre''.
|-
|-
| Future perfect || present tense of ''jīre'' "to go" + perfect active infinitive
| Future perfect || present tense of ''jīre'' "to go" + perfect active infinitive
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| ''jačo, jačēre, jakuvī, jakūtų'' || to be lying || ''dēkumbō, dēkumbere, dēkūvī, dēkūtų'' || to lie down || ''deicō, deicere, dēcī, dēttų'' || to lay down ||  
| ''jačo, jačēre, jakuvī, jakūtų'' || to be lying || ''dēkumbō, dēkumbere, dēkūvī, dēkūtų'' || to lie down || ''deicō, deicere, dēcī, dēttų'' || to lay down ||  
|-
|-
| ''scō, scīre, scīvī, scītų'' || to know || ''diskō, diščere, didcī, distų''; scīskō, scīščere, scīvī, scītų || to learn, come to know || ''dočō, dočēre, dokuvī, dottų'' || to teach ||
| ''scō, scīre, scīvī, scītų'' || to know || ''diskō, diščere, didcī, distų''; ''scīskō, scīščere, scīvī, scītų'' || to learn, come to know || ''dočō, dočēre, dokuvī, dottų'' || to teach ||
|-
|-
| ''aviō, avēre, auvī, avūtų''|| to have, hold || ''teniō, tenēre, tenuvī, tentų'' || to take hold, acquire || ''perviō, pervēre, perūvī, pervūtų'' || to grant ||
| ''aviō, avēre, auvī, avūtų''|| to have, hold || ''teniō, tenēre, tenuvī, tentų'' || to take hold, acquire || ''perviō, pervēre, perūvī, pervūtų'' || to grant ||
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| ''dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī, dormītų'' || to be asleep || ''dormīskō, dormīščere, dormīvī, dormītų'' || to fall asleep || — || — || Many verbs have inchoatives formed with the suffix ''-skō, -ščere''. Such inchoative verbs often share their third and fourth principal parts with the verb they are derived from.
| ''dormiō, dormīre, dormīvī, dormītų'' || to be asleep || ''dormīskō, dormīščere, dormīvī, dormītų'' || to fall asleep || — || — || Many verbs have inchoatives formed with the suffix ''-skō, -ščere''. Such inchoative verbs often share their third and fourth principal parts with the verb they are derived from.
|}
|}
Note that in perfect tenses and the imperative, imperfective verbs can become almost synonymous with their perfective counterparts, and in some cases they are homophonous - e.g. ''stetī ≈ sūršī'' "I stood". However, in certain contexts, their meanings are distinct - e.g. ''<b>Sūršī</b> jet <b>stetī</b> duvās ōrās.'' "'''I stood up''' and '''remained standing''' for two hours."
Note that in perfect tenses and the imperative, imperfective verbs can become almost synonymous with their perfective counterparts - e.g. ''stetī ≈ sūršī'' "I stood". However, in certain contexts, their meanings are distinct - e.g. ''<b>Sūršī</b> jet <b>stetī</b> duvās ōrās.'' "'''I stood up''' and '''remained standing''' for two hours."
 
For some pairs, the imperfective and perfective counterparts have the same perfect and supine forms. In such cases, they are distinguished by context - e.g. ''<b>Sēdī</b> jet <b>sēdī</b> duvās ōrās.'' "'''I sat down''' and '''remained sitting''' for two hours."


In imperfect tenses (i.e. the present indicative, the imperfect indicative and subjunctive), perfective verbs tend to become inchoative in meaning - e.g. ''suržēvą'' "I was standing up/stopping" vs. ''stāvą'' "I was standing".
In imperfect tenses (i.e. the present indicative, the imperfect indicative and subjunctive), perfective verbs tend to become inchoative in meaning - e.g. ''suržēvą'' "I was standing up/stopping" vs. ''stāvą'' "I was standing".
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==Syntax==
==Syntax==
===Constituent order===
===Constituent order===
SVO
Chelsian is pro-drop.
===Noun phrase===
===Noun phrase===
Modifiers precede the noun they modify.
===Verb phrase===
===Verb phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Sentence phrase===
===Dependent clauses===
===Dependent clauses===
<!-- etc. etc. -->
<!-- etc. etc. -->
==Vocabulary==
===Time - ''Tempus''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Seasons - ''Tempestātēs''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| spring || ''vēr, -is'' (n.)
|-
| summer || ''jēstās, -tis'' (f.)
|-
| fall || ''autumnus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| winter || ''jemps, jemis'' (f.)
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Gregorian months - ''Grēgorī męsēs''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| January || ''januvārius, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| February || ''fevruvārius, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| March || ''marcus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| April || ''aprīlis, -is'' (m.)
|-
| May || ''majjus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| June || ''jūnius, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| July || ''jūlius, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| August || ''auhustus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| September || ''settember, -bris'' (m.)
|-
| October || ''hottōver, -vris'' (m.)
|-
| November || ''november, -bris'' (m.)
|-
| December || ''dečember, -bris'' (m.)
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Days of the week - ''Settimānæ dzēs''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| Sunday || ''prīndzēs'' (m.)
|-
| Monday || ''sekundzēs'' (m.)
|-
| Tuesday || ''terdzēs'' (m.)
|-
| Wednesday || ''kārdzēs'' (m.)
|-
| Thursday || ''kīndzēs'' (m.)
|-
| Friday || ''šeddzēs'' (m.)
|-
| Saturday || ''settindzēs'' (m.)
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Parts of the day - ''Dzei partēs''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| day || ''dzēs, dzei'' (m.)
|-
| dawn || ''aurōra, -æ'' (f.)
|-
| morning || ''māne, -is'' (n.)
|-
| noon || ''merīdzēs, -ei'' (m.)
|-
| afternoon || ''sēra, -æ'' (f.)
|-
| evening || ''vesperus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| dusk || ''krepuslų, -ī'' (n.)
|-
| night || ''nōš, nottis'' (f.)
|-
| midnight || ''medzanōš, -nottis'' (f.)
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Units of time - ''Temporis ūnitātēs''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| second || ''sekundus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| minute || ''minūtus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
| hour || ''hōra, -æ'' (f.)
|-
| day || ''dzēs, dzei'' (m.)
|-
| week || ''settimāna, -æ'' (f.)
|-
| month || ''męsis, -is'' (m.)
|-
| season || ''tempestās, -tis'' (f.)
|-
| year || ''annus, -ī'' (m.)
|-
|}
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Time adverbs - ''Temporālī adverbī''''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| now || ''nų''
|-
| then || ''tų''
|-
| recently || ''nūper''
|-
| earlier || ''prius''
|-
| soon, shortly || ''brevī''
|-
| later || ''sēcus''
|-
| always || ''semper''
|-
| often || ''sēpe''
|-
| sometimes || ''alkandō''
|-
| rarely || ''rārō''
|-
| never || ''nunką''
|-
| ever || ''hunką''
|-
| still, yet || ''jecannų''
|-
| already || ''ją''
|-
| today || ''hodzē''
|-
| tonight || ''jistā notte''
|-
| yesterday || ''jerī''
|-
| last night || ''cessente notte''
|-
| tomorrow || ''krās''
|-
| before yesterday || ''sekundō jerī''
|-
| after tomorrow || ''sekundō krās; perendzē''
|-
| this week || ''jistā settimānā''
|-
| last week || ''cessente settimānā''
|-
| next week || ''ventūrā settimānā''
|-
| this year || ''hōrnō''
|-
| last year || ''cessente annō''
|-
| next year || ''ventūrō annō''
|-
|}
===Colours - ''Kolōrēs''===
{| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
|+ Colours - ''Kolōrēs''
! English !! Chelsian
|-
| white || ''albus, -a, -ų''
|-
| grey || ''rāvus, -a, -ų''
|-
| black || ''nihrus, -a, -ų''
|-
| red || ''rubrus, -a, -ų''
|-
| orange || ''orandžus, -a, -ų''
|-
| brown || ''červīnus, -a, -ų''
|-
| yellow || ''flāvus, -a, -ų''
|-
| green || ''virdis, -e, -is''
|-
| blue || ''ciānius, -ia, -ių''
|-
| pink || ''rosius, -ia, -ių''
|-
| purple || ''violāčus, -a, -ų''
|-
| golden || ''aurōsus, -a, -ų''
|-
|}


==Example Texts==
==Example Texts==
Shariifka
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