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Chiresh: Difference between revisions
→Consonants
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===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
The consonants are the following: | The consonants are the following: | ||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
The fricatives /x/ is voiceless but become voiced in intervocalic position. For example, ''śax'' "berry" is pronounced [ˈɕax], but ''raxun'' [ˈra.ɣun] "great". However, geminate "x" does not undergo this lenition. Some consonants also become palatalized before and occassionally after front vowels: /k/, /x/ become [t͡ʃ] and [ʂ] respectively (/x/ can also become [ɕ] before /i/). | |- | ||
! | |||
! [[w:Bilabial consonant|Bilabial]] | |||
! [[w:Dental consonant|Dental]] | |||
! [[w:Postalveolar consonant|Postalveolar]] | |||
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatalized]] | |||
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Nasal stop|Nasal]] | |||
| align="center"| m | |||
| align="center"| n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Stop consonant|Stop]] | |||
| align="center"| p | |||
| align="center"| t | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| align="center"| k | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
| | |||
| align="center"| s | |||
| align="center"| š /ʂ/ | |||
| align="center"| ś /ɕ/ | |||
| align="center"| x /x/, ([ɣ]) | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Affricate consonant|Affricate]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| align="center"| č /t͡ʃ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
![[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | |||
| align="center"| w [ʋ] | |||
| align="center"| l | |||
| align="center"| r | |||
| align="center"| y /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
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|- | |||
|} | |||
The fricatives /x/ is voiceless but become voiced in intervocalic position. For example, ''śax'' "berry" is pronounced [ˈɕax], but ''raxun'' [ˈra.ɣun] "great". However, geminate "x" does not undergo this lenition. Some consonants also become palatalized before and occassionally after front vowels: /k/, /x/ become [t͡ʃ] and [ʂ] respectively (/x/ can also become [ɕ] before /i/). The phoneme written "w" is usually pronounced [ʋ], but many dialects preserve an older pronunciation of [w], while those few, that have [f], change "w" to a fricative [v] and often devoice word-initially. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|+ Vowels | |||
! | |||
! [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! [[w:Relative_articulation#Mid-centralized vowel|Centralized]] | |||
! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- | |||
!<small>unrounded</small> | |||
!<small>rounded</small> | |||
!<small>unrounded</small> | |||
!<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! align="left"|[[w:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| align="center"| i [i] | |||
| align="center"| u [ʉ]* | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! align="left"|[[w:Mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| align="center"| ö [ø] | |||
| align="center"| ĕ [ɘ~ɤ] | |||
| align="center"| o [o~u]* | |||
|- | |||
! align="left"|[[w:Open-mid vowel|Open-Mid]] | |||
| align="center"| e [ɛ] | |||
| align="center"| ă [ɛ] | |||
| align="center"| å [ɔ]* | |||
|- | |||
! align="left"|[[w:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| align="center"| a [ɑ] | |||
|} | |||
*Southeastern dialects keep ''"u"'' as a back vowel [u], which is distinct from [o], while most dialects to the north centralize it to [ʉ] and also have a separate vowel [ɔ], which is pronounced the same way as "a" in almost all dialects to the south and east from the hilly '''Hallu''' region. And some dialects have centralized their "u", but have no "o"-like sounds, raising [o] to [u]. This however, does not prevent mutual intelligibility between all dialects of Chiresh. The vowels written "ĕ" and "ă", are centralized and reduced, thereby differing in quantity from the rest. In unstressed positions, they often resemble a schwa and in some dialects they tend to be dropped word-finally. The vowel "ĕ", especially when stressed, may be somewhat rounded and sound as [ɵ], similar to "ö", though they do not merge in any dialect. | |||
[[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Settameric languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] [[Category:Settameric languages]] | ||