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Chlouvānem/Phonology: Difference between revisions
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==Phonotactics== | ==Phonotactics== | ||
The maximum possible syllable structure is | The maximum possible syllable structure is C<sub>1</sub>C<sub>2</sub>C<sub>3</sub>–y–V–C<sub>4</sub> | ||
The nucleus is formed by '''V''' - which can be any vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant - and an optional preceding {{IPA|/j/}}.<br/> | The nucleus is formed by '''V''' - which can be any vowel, diphthong, or syllabic consonant - and an optional preceding {{IPA|/j/}}.<br/> | ||
The onset may contain up to three consonants: '''C<sub>3</sub>''' is notated differently because phonetically there always is one, as phonemically vowel-initial syllables are always pronounced with a preceding {{IPA|[ʔ]}}. Any consonant bar {{IPA|/ɴ/}} can appear in this position; '''C<sub>2</sub>''' can be any other consonant except aspirated or breathy-voiced stops (with a single exception) or {{IPA|/ʔ/}}, but, if C<sub>3</sub> is a stop, no stop can be in this position. If C<sub>3</sub> is {{IPA|/ɴ̆/}} , then C<sub>2</sub> may be {{IPA|/c͡ɕʰ/}}. C<sub>1</sub> may be a sibilant | The onset may contain up to three consonants: '''C<sub>3</sub>''' is notated differently because phonetically there always is one, as phonemically vowel-initial syllables are always pronounced with a preceding {{IPA|[ʔ]}}. Any consonant bar {{IPA|/ɴ/}} can appear in this position; '''C<sub>2</sub>''' can be any other consonant except aspirated or breathy-voiced stops (with a single exception) or {{IPA|/ʔ/}}, but, if C<sub>3</sub> is a stop, no stop can be in this position. If C<sub>3</sub> is {{IPA|/ɴ̆/}} , then C<sub>2</sub> may be {{IPA|/c͡ɕʰ/}}. C<sub>1</sub> may be a sibilant or a nasal agreeing in PoA with the following consonant.<br/>See the following section on ''Clusters'' for the list of all possible clusters. | ||
In codas, '''C<sub>4</sub>''' may be may be any consonant except aspirated or breathy-voiced stops. In absolute word-final position, the only possible consonants are {{IPA|/m n p t ʈ k s ɦ ɴ̆/}}.<br/>Interjections are an exception, as some other consonants are found there, e.g. ''hār!'' "ouch!" {{IPA|[ɦaːɐ̯] /ɦaːʀ/}}. | In codas, '''C<sub>4</sub>''' may be may be any consonant except aspirated or breathy-voiced stops. In absolute word-final position, the only possible consonants are {{IPA|/m n p t ʈ k s ɦ ɴ̆/}}.<br/>Interjections are an exception, as some other consonants are found there, e.g. ''hār!'' "ouch!" {{IPA|[ɦaːɐ̯] /ɦaːʀ/}}. | ||
===Initial clusters=== | ===Initial clusters=== | ||
Chlouvānem allows a large number of initial clusters, listed here (using the orthographical representations). Note that any single consonant except for '''ṇ''' '''ñ''' '''ɂ''' '''h''' '''ħ''' '''y''' and any cluster given here (except for | Chlouvānem allows a large number of initial clusters, listed here (using the orthographical representations). Note that any single consonant except for '''ṇ''' '''ñ''' '''ɂ''' '''h''' '''ħ''' '''y''' and any cluster given here (except for and ''lh-'') may be furthermore followed by '''-y-''': | ||
* ''mb- mbr- mbl- mbh- mr | * ''mb- mbr- mbl- mbh- mr-'' | ||
* ''nd- ndv- ndr- ndh-'' | * ''nd- ndv- ndr- ndh-'' | ||
* ''ṇḍ- ṇḍv- ṇḍr- ṇḍh-'' | * ''ṇḍ- ṇḍv- ṇḍr- ṇḍh-'' | ||
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* ''br- bl-'' | * ''br- bl-'' | ||
* ''bhr- bhl-'' | * ''bhr- bhl-'' | ||
* '' | * ''tv- tr-'' | ||
* ''thr-'' | * ''thr-'' | ||
* ''dv- dr-'' | * ''dv- dr-'' | ||
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* ''ṭv-'' | * ''ṭv-'' | ||
* ''ḍv-'' | * ''ḍv-'' | ||
* ''chl-'' | * ''chl-'' | ||
* ''jñ- jv- jr- jl-'' | * ''jñ- jv- jr- jl-'' | ||
* ''kṣ | * ''kṣ- kr- kl-'' | ||
* ''khr- khl-'' | * ''khr- khl-'' | ||
* '' | * ''gṇ- gr- gl-'' | ||
* ''ghr- ghl-'' | * ''ghr- ghl-'' | ||
* ''sm- smr | * ''sm- smr- sn- sp- spr- spl- sph- st- stv- str- sth- sk- skr- skl- skh- sɂ- sv- svr- sr- sl-'' | ||
* ''ṣm- ṣmr | * ''ṣm- ṣmr- ṣṇ- ṣp- ṣpr- ṣpl- ṣph- ṣṭ- ṣṭv- ṣṭr- ṣṭh- ṣk- ṣkr- ṣkl- ṣkh- ṣɂ- ṣv- ṣvr- ṣr- ṣl-'' | ||
* ''šm- šñ- šp- špr- špl- šph | * ''šm- šñ- šp- špr- špl- šph- šc- šch- šk- škr- škl- škh- šv- švr- švl- šl-'' | ||
* '' | * ''vr-'' | ||
* ''lt- lth- lɂ- ld- ldh- lg- lgh- lh-'' | |||
* ''lt- lth- lɂ- ld- ldh- lg- lgh | |||
Furthermore, the clusters ''mp- mph- nt- nth- lk- lkh-'' are found in some Eastern Dabuke words, especially regionally widespread in the Western parts of the Inquisition. | Furthermore, the clusters ''mp- mph- nt- nth- lk- lkh-'' are found in some Eastern Dabuke words, especially regionally widespread in the Western parts of the Inquisition. | ||