Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs: Difference between revisions

Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs (view source)

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 ====Pluri-prefixed motion verbs====
+<!-- ====Origin prefixes====
+Positional prefixes are used with motion verbs in order to more specifically state direction; as they get a directional meaning, most of these prefixes also have a corresponding origin prefix:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! "Lative" prefix !! "Ablative" prefix !! Meaning
+|-
+| ta- || tų- || Generic direction
+|-
+| ān- || yana- || Above
+|-
+| šu- || šer- || Under
+|-
+| khl- || kelь- || In the middle of, together with
+|-
+| gin- || ją- || In a group; among
+|-
+| nī- || ani- || Within inside
+|-
+| ū(b)- || yom- || Near, close
+|-
+| bis- || bara- || Far
+|-
+| tad- || tasi- || Attached to; on an animal
+|-
+| įs- || hos- || Hanging
+|-
+| na(ñ)- || neni- || Inside
+|-
+| kau- || kuvi- || Outside
+|-
+| viṣ- || vyeṣa- || Opposite; somewhere else
+|-
+| kami- || kįla- || Around
+|-
+| prь- || paro- || Behind
+|-
+| mai- || mīram- || In front of
+|-
+| vai- || vea- || In a corner
+|-
+| sāṭ- || ṣlū- || Next to
+|-
+| lā(d)- || lo(d)- || In the center
+|-
+| vyā- || veši- || Left
+|-
+| māha- || mege- || Right
+|-
+| nalь- || <small>(''vād-'')</small> || Convergent, inwards
+|-
+| vād- || <small>(''nalь-'')</small> || Divergent, outwards
+|-
+| be- || ter- || On the surface
+|-
+| gala- || hali- || Through
+|-
+| naš- || rowspan=4 | — || Completely, to the end
+|-
+| paṣ- || Further ahead, beyond
+|-
+| sam- || Towards the next (object/goal)
+|-
+| vod- || Avoiding
+|}
+These verbs have a peculiarity, as all prefixes except for ''ta-''/''tų-'' make the verb transitive but with a default “common” voice: that is, the agent-trigger is not marked on the verb and only case makes it clear:
+: ''jāyim ñariū āṃliven'' “the girl walks up the mountain” (agent-trigger)
+: ''ñariah jāyimei āṃliven'' "the mountain is walked up by the girl" (patient-trigger)
+Other examples are:
+: ''jñūm priliven'' "someone goes behind the tree" (lit. *the tree is being gone behind)
+: ''lālia ñæltah kitu yomfluṃsusah'' "my sister is approaching from home"
+When there is a prefix expressing relative position and one expressing direction, the most important one is always the one closest to the root; the other one (usually the relative position) is normally expressed with the appropriate case, as in the verb ''vodūmṛcce'' "to run nearer (to something) while avoiding (something else)":
+: ''sāmiā kita nanāt ūnimat vodūbamṛca'' "your house has been approached by running while avoiding that street".
+Arguments usually change from the non-prefixed forms: for example ''vaske'' (to drive) is transitive and its patient is the means of transport, while the patient of ''khlavaske'' (to go with [by vehicle]) is the person with whom the agent goes.
+''ta-''/''tes-'' prefixed verbs are always intransitive, and the transitive forms may be done only by deriving an additional applicative verb (usually mainly a stylistic exercise in poetry), as in ''taflulke'' "to arrive (on foot)" → ''nartaflulke'' "to reach (on foot)":
+: ''jaṃšom taflå'' "I arrive to the party"
+: ''jaṃšā nartaliven'' "the party is [being] reached"
+=====To wear, put on, take off=====
+Chlouvānem does not have a single verb for "to wear", "to put on", or "to take off" when related to clothing: instead, there are seven different verbs depending on the part of the body for "to wear" and "to put on", and seven more (paired with these) for "to take off".<br/>
+Despite the apparent complexity of such a system, they are completely regular and built in a logical way, with "lative" prefixes for the wear/put on verb and "ablative" for the take off one:
+{| class="wikitable"
+|-
+! Clothing type/body part !! To wear/to put on !! To take off !! Related root
+|-
+| Any clothing bandaged around the body, plus most things worn around the trunk<br/><small>(Most generic verb, but does not cover all other meanings)</small> || kamikyāke || kįlakyāke || ''ukyā'' "trunk"
+|-
+| Shoes, socks, anything else on the feet and/or ankles || kamijunaike || kįlajunaike || ''junai'' "foot"
+|-
+| Head and neck <small>(hats, caps, tiaras, necklaces...)</small> || āṃlāṇṭake || yanalāṇṭake || ''lāṇṭam'' "head"
+|-
+| Hands, wrists <small>(gloves, bracelets...)</small> || kamidhānake || kįladhānake || ''dhāna'' "hand"
+|-
+| Legs (except bandaged-around clothing that also covers the trunk)<br/>Trousers, pants || nampājike || nenipājike || ''pājya'' "leg"
+|-
+| Something with (long) sleeves || āṃsnīrṣmake || yanasnīrṣmake || rowspan=2 | ''snīrṣmas'' "blanket"
+|-
+| Blankets (not worn) || kamisnīrṣmake || kįlasnīrṣmake
+|}
+Note that the sense of "to wear" is most usually translated with patient-trigger voice - e.g. ''pāṇḍire jūnekah tę kamikyāyē'' "(s)he wears white robes" - while "to put on" with agent-trigger voice ''pāṇḍire jūneku kamitekyāyē'' "(s)he puts/is putting on white robes".
+A few more specific verbs exist, like for example the pair ''kamilāṇṭake''/''kįlalāṇṭake'', used for putting on/taking off a ''lāṇṭepenai'' (colloquially just ''penai''), a kind of net made of Calemerian juta (''lāriṭa'') usually worn by adolescent girls (traditionally it was worn by unmarried women) with "cotton" hair (''bhadvausīs''<ref>Plural only, shaped on ''pārīs'' (hair).</ref>, or how Chlouvānem people call "Afro-textured hair"). -->
 ==Notes==
 [[Category:Chlouvānem]]