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Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs: Difference between revisions
Chlouvānem/Positional and motion verbs (view source)
Revision as of 16:58, 23 January 2020
, 23 January 2020→Motion verbs (duldaradhaus)
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==Motion verbs (''duldaradhaus'')== | ==Motion verbs (''duldaradhaus'')== | ||
Motion verbs, in Chlouvānem, are furthermore divided into two categories: monodirectional (''emibugirdaradhūs, -aus'') and multidirectional (''tailgirdaradhūs, -aus'') motion verbs.<br/>There is a total of | Motion verbs, in Chlouvānem, are furthermore divided into two categories: monodirectional (''emibugirdaradhūs, -aus'') and multidirectional (''tailgirdaradhūs, -aus'') motion verbs.<br/>There is a total of 20 meanings for which motion verbs are used: 18 are pairs while two only have a monodirectional verb. Historically, multidirectional verbs were iteratives (as shown by their formation with the Proto-Lahob *-re- infix), but today they have a larger set of uses. | ||
All of these verbs can furthermore be [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Positional_and_motional_prefixes|prefixed with one or more prefixes from the lative and ablative sets.]] | All of these verbs can furthermore be [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Positional_and_motional_prefixes|prefixed with one or more prefixes from the lative and ablative sets.]] | ||
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| to fall || ''sturake'' || — | | to fall || ''sturake'' || — | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to carry, bring (on foot) <small>(trans.)</small> || ''dumbhake'' || ''dårbhake'' | | to carry, bring (on foot, generally in the hand(s)) <small>(trans.)</small> || ''dumbhake'' || ''dårbhake'' | ||
|- | |||
| to carry, bring (on foot, on the head) <small>(trans.)</small> || ''luṇṭake'' || ''lorṭake'' | |||
|- | |||
| to carry, bring (on foot, on the shoulders or the back) <small>(trans.)</small> || ''giṭake'' || ''gertake'' | |||
|- | |- | ||
| to carry, bring (using a vehicle) <small>(trans.)</small> || ''tulje'' || ''lerjike'' | | to carry, bring (using a vehicle) <small>(trans.)</small> || ''tulje'' || ''lerjike'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| to pull <small>(trans.)</small> || ''khulike'' || ''kharliake'' | | to pull, drag <small>(trans.)</small> || ''khulike'' || ''kharliake'' | ||
|} | |} | ||
As far as morphology is concerned, most of them are regular class 1 or 2 verbs, except for: | As far as morphology is concerned, most of them are regular class 1 or 2 verbs, except for: | ||
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One verb pair is independent of means of transport, and is composed by ''girake'' (monodirectional, translated as "to go towards, to move in the direction of") and ''dulde'' (multidirectional or adirectional, translated as "to move"). These are also used when the means of transport is unknown, but in the future intentional it is often used interchangeably with "to go" (''igirālta'' vs. ''elīsālta''; multidirectional verbs are rarely found in this tense). | One verb pair is independent of means of transport, and is composed by ''girake'' (monodirectional, translated as "to go towards, to move in the direction of") and ''dulde'' (multidirectional or adirectional, translated as "to move"). These are also used when the means of transport is unknown, but in the future intentional it is often used interchangeably with "to go" (''igirālta'' vs. ''elīsālta''; multidirectional verbs are rarely found in this tense). | ||
Five verbs denote transport of something and the on foot/in a vehicle contrast is still meaningful: | |||
* ''dumbhake'' (mono), ''dårbhake'' (multi) refers to carrying or bringing something on foot. | * ''dumbhake'' (mono), ''dårbhake'' (multi) refers to carrying or bringing something on foot, held in the hands or with the hands; ''giṭake'' (mo)/''gertake'' (mu) and ''luṇṭake'' (mo)/''lorṭake'' (mu) refer to the same action, but the object is carried on the shoulders or on the back for the former pair and on the head for the latter pair. | ||
* ''tulje'' (mono), ''lerjike'' (multi) refers to carrying or bringing something in or using a vehicle. | * ''tulje'' (mono), ''lerjike'' (multi) refers to carrying or bringing something in or using a vehicle. | ||
* ''khulike'' (mono), ''kharliake'' (multi) refers to pulling something (no matter how). | * ''khulike'' (mono), ''kharliake'' (multi) refers to pulling something (no matter how). | ||