8,510
edits
Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
m
→Tense-aspectual modifiers
m (→Stative cases) |
|||
| Line 401: | Line 401: | ||
Some verbs are also semantically habitual and therefore don't need to be marked as such. Multidirectional motion verbs (in the present) are a common example (they do have frequentative verb forms, but with an iterative meaning); others include ''tṛlake'' "to know", ''lilke'' "to live", ''nīkeikake'' "to be dating", ''mulke'' (√mun-) "to be able to".<br/> | Some verbs are also semantically habitual and therefore don't need to be marked as such. Multidirectional motion verbs (in the present) are a common example (they do have frequentative verb forms, but with an iterative meaning); others include ''tṛlake'' "to know", ''lilke'' "to live", ''nīkeikake'' "to be dating", ''mulke'' (√mun-) "to be able to".<br/> | ||
Note that the verb ''nairīveke'' "to learn" (and derivatives) is frequentative in form but not semantically (the underlying root *irī- is not attested elsewhere); it can't, however, form a frequentative verb so another way must be used for it to be marked as habitual. | Note that the verb ''nairīveke'' "to learn" (and derivatives) is frequentative in form but not semantically (the underlying root *irī- is not attested elsewhere); it can't, however, form a frequentative verb so another way must be used for it to be marked as habitual. | ||
====Positional verbs for ongoing actions==== | |||
Aside from the ''lā'' particle, another way for Chlouvānem to form the progressive aspect is (much like many Germanic languages also do) to use a positional verb and the infinitive (most commonly), the subjunctive (bookish), or a conjuncted sentence with the indicative. The verbs used are mainly those with the ''ta-'' prefix, but other ones may be used: | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = aṣṭrasam lišvake tatimu. | |||
| gloss = tooth-<small>DAT.PL</small>. wipe.<small>INF</small>. stand.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm [standing and] brushing my teeth. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = aṣṭrai (lę) įslišvī tatimu. | |||
| gloss = tooth-<small>DIR.PL</small>. (<small>1SG.ERG</small>.) wipe_something_hanging.<small>SUBJ.IMPF-EXP-3.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. stand.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-1SG.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = I'm [standing and] brushing my teeth. | |||
}} | |||
{{Gloss | |||
| phrase = vaimertāhai sama ṭargūkęe nīdhāḍirāhe. | |||
| gloss = sit_in_corner.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.PATIENT.EXTERIOR</small>. and. be_loud-<small>ADV</small>. chat.<small>IND.PRES-EXP-3PL.COMMON.INTERIOR</small>. | |||
| translation = They're chatting loudly [while sitting in the corner]. | |||
}} | |||
===Evidentials=== | ===Evidentials=== | ||