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Chlouvānem/Syntax: Difference between revisions
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=====''lut''===== | =====''lut''===== | ||
The particle ''lut'' (otherwise meaning "ago" or "for, since" with nouns) is typically used in the past to denote the perfect continuous, i.e. an ongoing action that had started previously. It follows a verb in the imperfective subjunctive, and is also used together with ''jalle'', like the previous particles. | The particle ''lut'' (otherwise meaning "ago" or "for, since" with nouns) is typically used in the past to denote the perfect continuous, i.e. an ongoing action that had started previously. It follows a verb in the imperfective subjunctive, and is also used together with ''jalle'', like the previous particles. | ||
* ''maihadhūt primęlirlat ātiya | * ''maihadhūt primęlirlat ātiya nūryai pudbhī lut nīkā.'' – When the parents got back, the children were already sleeping. | ||
* ''cūllap vasīnam lut nyābhe sama sīsyupikę e lališenu tattedāmābhe.'' — We were already going by car when (lit. "and") we discovered the tragic news. | * ''cūllap vasīnam lut nyābhe sama sīsyupikę e lališenu tattedāmābhe.'' — We were already going by car when (lit. "and") we discovered the tragic news. | ||
The main difference between this form and a general progressive action marked by ''lā'' is that ''lut'' places a stronger emphasis on the starting point of the action being in the past, rather than on the action being still ongoing in the [relative] present. In the English translations above, this has been hinted at by using "already"; compare the first example rendered with ''lā'': | The main difference between this form and a general progressive action marked by ''lā'' is that ''lut'' places a stronger emphasis on the starting point of the action being in the past, rather than on the action being still ongoing in the [relative] present. In the English translations above, this has been hinted at by using "already"; compare the first example rendered with ''lā'': | ||
* ''maihadhūt primęlirdat ātiya | * ''maihadhūt primęlirdat ātiya nūryai pudbhī lā nīkā.'' – When the parents got back, the children were sleeping. | ||
=====Habitual actions===== | =====Habitual actions===== | ||