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Chlouvānem/Verbs: Difference between revisions
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* '''intensive''' (''caṃliven junya'') - typically denotes emphasis on a stronger effort for/in an action, or on its contrastive nature, or on its completeness and exhaustiveness. | * '''intensive''' (''caṃliven junya'') - typically denotes emphasis on a stronger effort for/in an action, or on its contrastive nature, or on its completeness and exhaustiveness. | ||
Finally, Chlouvānem also has a '''non-finite form''' (''emibąukire daradhūs'') (the '''-ke''' form, called '''infinitive''' hereafter). | Finally, Chlouvānem also has a '''non-finite form''' (''emibąukire daradhūs'') (the '''-ke''' form, called '''infinitive''' hereafter). | ||
Considering that non-indicative moods do not mark evidentiality, a single verb may have up to 39,781 conjugated forms (including the infinitive), excluding analytic constructions. | |||
==Verb classes== | ==Verb classes== | ||
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==Adverbs== | ==Adverbs== | ||
→ ''See also [[Chlouvānem/Morphology#Avyay.C4.ABbh.C4.81va_.28.E1.B9.ADv.C4.81daradhausire_tadmaiva.29|Chlouvānem morphology § Avyayībhāva]] for more ways of forming adverbs.'' | |||
Verbs may be turned into adverbs (''khladaradhausire haloe'', pl. ''khladaradhausirāhe halenī'') by simply adding '''-siṭ''' to a consonant-final stem (only '''-iṭ''' after ''-ṣṭ(h)-''), and adding that and lengthening the final vowel of a vowel-final stem. Thus: | Verbs may be turned into adverbs (''khladaradhausire haloe'', pl. ''khladaradhausirāhe halenī'') by simply adding '''-siṭ''' to a consonant-final stem (only '''-iṭ''' after ''-ṣṭ(h)-''), and adding that and lengthening the final vowel of a vowel-final stem. Thus: | ||
* ''tarlausake'' (scientific) → ''tarlaussiṭ'' (scientifically, according to science) | * ''tarlausake'' (scientific) → ''tarlaussiṭ'' (scientifically, according to science) | ||
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* ''hulābdān'' - good (and ''chlǣcæm'' (better)) | * ''hulābdān'' - good (and ''chlǣcæm'' (better)) | ||
* ''taili'' - many, much | * ''taili'' - many, much | ||
* '' | * ''širē'' - more | ||
* ''kaili'' - most | * ''kaili'' - most | ||
* ''ṣūbha'' - few, little' | * ''ṣūbha'' - few, little' | ||
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==Comparatives and superlatives== | ==Comparatives and superlatives== | ||
Comparatives and superlatives are done in the same way in Chlouvānem. Comparatives are made by using either ''' | Comparatives and superlatives are done in the same way in Chlouvānem. Comparatives are made by using either '''širē''' (more) or '''ovat''' (less) in front of the adjective; the compared term is in ablative case; the superlative is formed by using '''yaivų''' (than all) as the compared term. | ||
Adverbs use the same method (e.g. ''chlære'' (easily) → '' | Adverbs use the same method (e.g. ''chlære'' (easily) → ''širē chlære'' → ''yaivų širē chlære''), but "than all" in superlatives is usually omitted, therefore they use ''širē'' also with a superlative meaning. | ||
This is used by both adjectival and non adjectival verbs, e.g. ''sąu | This is used by both adjectival and non adjectival verbs, e.g. ''sąu širē yæyute'' "I read more than you". | ||
Forms expressing a continuous enhancement are made by deriving new verbs with the ''naš-'' prefix, e.g. ''yaiva pārṇame našñæñuchlire'' - (s)he becomes more beautiful each day. | Forms expressing a continuous enhancement are made by deriving new verbs with the ''naš-'' prefix, e.g. ''yaiva pārṇame našñæñuchlire'' - (s)he becomes more beautiful each day. | ||
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| ''hulābdān'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (good) || ''chlǣcæm'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (better) || ''chlǣcækṣike'' (best) | | ''hulābdān'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (good) || ''chlǣcæm'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (better) || ''chlǣcækṣike'' (best) | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''taili'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (many, much) || '' | | ''taili'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (many, much) || ''širē'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (more) || ''kaili'' <small><sub>indecl.</sub></small> (most) | ||
|} | |} | ||