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Circular Gallifreyan: Difference between revisions
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==== Imperative Mood ==== | ==== Imperative Mood ==== | ||
Rude or informal form: | The Imperative can only be used in the present or future tense and consists of 3 forms: | ||
Polite form: | |||
Negative form: | * Rude or informal form: ''baeh'' after the verb → ''kutś voziphu baeh'' (You sit dow now!) | ||
* Polite form: ''baehilt'' before the verb → ''fikre lelaefrl xugallafreiy baehilt fthakūlzś'' (Time Lords, fight for Gallifrey) | |||
* Negative form: ''baregh'' before the verb → ''akrut hifrey'hef baregh braovi'' (No Time Travel inside the Academy) | |||
==== Alternate Universes ==== | ==== Alternate Universes ==== | ||
The tenses for Alternate Universes are conformed of the auxiliary, the verb and the suffix 'kalra | |||
The tenses for Alternate Universes are conformed of the auxiliary, the verb and the suffix '' 'kalra'': | |||
* ''rherjy'kalra iera'' (will go in an Alternate Universe) | |||
Although, only 10 of the verb tenses can be used in the AU mode: | Although, only 10 of the verb tenses can be used in the AU mode: | ||
# Present | |||
# Past Perfect | |||
# Past Imperfect | |||
# Past Anterior | |||
# Future | |||
# Future Perfect | |||
# Future Continuous | |||
# Pluperfect | |||
# Saudade | |||
# Conditional Perfect | |||
==== Timelines ==== | ==== Timelines ==== | ||
It's not necessary to specify in which or whose timeline the actions are being performed, nevertheless, if you're engaging conversation with someone not in sync with your time-stream it'd be a big help to add a Timeline Specifier when conjugating a verb. There are 4 timelines in which one can talk so things don't get all wibly-wobley: | It's not necessary to specify in which or whose timeline the actions are being performed, nevertheless, if you're engaging conversation with someone not in sync with your time-stream it'd be a big help to add a Timeline Specifier when conjugating a verb. There are 4 timelines in which one can talk so things don't get all wibly-wobley: | ||
# '''Personal Timeline:''' The Timeline of the speaker not the subject who commits the action. Used generally when the subject is not present. It's represented with the word ''źan'' [ʒan] after the verb. | |||
# '''Individual Timeline:''' The Timeline of the subject who commits the action. Used generally when the subject is also the speaker. It's represented with the word ''źana'' [ʒana] before the verb. | |||
# '''Main Timeline:''' The Timeline of the subject who commits the action. Used when the subject isn't the same as the speaker. It's represented with the word ''źani'' [ʒani] after the verb. | |||
# '''Universal Timeline:''' The Timeline of the Universe, the one that never changes. It's represented with the word ''źante'' [ʒante] at the beginning of the sentence. | |||
# '''Gallifreyan Timeline:''' Gallifrey is located in a Micro-Universe outside of Time, thus when you are on Gallifrey you are in Inner Time, “outside” of the Universe. This keeps Gallifreyan history and continuity separated from the rest of the Universe. This Timeline Specifier is used with the Personal, Individual and Main Timelines. It's represented with the word ''źańe'' [ʒaɳe] at the other side of the verb in relation of the second timeline specifier. | |||
==== Fixed Points in Time ==== | |||
Time Lords can see what is, what could be, what used to be, what must never happen and what must never change (fixed points in time). To talk about the former three we use the Possible Future, Forgettable Past and the Inconceivable tenses respectively. But when it comes to fixed points in time, simply add the word ''baghk'' [ʙaɠək] after the conjugated verb. Some count this as the 33rd verb tense of the Gallifreyan language. | |||
==== Aspect ==== | |||
Aspect in Gallifreyan denotes frequency, intentionality, cause and intention. There are 9 general aspect forms, some with their own subdivisions. The use of some of these aspects is generally optional as their use is not truly necessary, making it up to the speaker to decide how much information they intend to give. Note: some forms of aspect are already mixed with the normal tenses and the use of any of the following prepositions doesn't invalidate them. | |||
* '''Habitual''' | |||
It is used to indicate actions the speaker does or did frequently: | |||
''pira jeyi dodagçaś Sol 3 '''ndirikhutsń''' vlaystgkem rherjy'' → I used to go to planet Earth | |||
* '''Telicity''' | |||
Indicates if an action has been completed as intended: | |||
''pira jyei fagts kphi vuranovi rhasisî sźotse srîniash '''soz''' ''→ I read your book every month (and finish it every time) | |||
* '''Inceptive''' | |||
Used for referring to the beginning of an action or state: | |||
''pira jyei basklo '''pośsi''' irgyu'' – I started running because of a change in the past | |||
* '''Durative''' | |||
It's used for marking the duration of an action or if it stopped for a while: | |||
''kutś tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy'''<nowiki>'</nowiki>ha''' iera'' – as soon as you go, I will go for a while | |||
''kutś '''ha<nowiki>'</nowiki>'''tarźemk rherjy, pira jyei rherjy iera'' – as soon as you stop going, I will go | |||
* '''Causative''' | |||
It | It's used to indicate that someone or something played a role assisting or causing another action. It's divided into 4 cases: | ||
- Forced Action: '''''thlihante''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is making someone/something do something. | |||
- Assisted Action: '''''ñetroplg''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is helping someone/something do something. | |||
- Permitted Action: '''''xertten''' zai'baehilt'' – Someone/something is letting someone/something do something. | |||
- An Action Caused Indirectly or As a Result of Something Else: '''''raigh'lakhib''' zai'baehilt'' – Something else happened that let/caused someone/something to do something. | |||
Momentane | * '''Momentane''' | ||
It's used to indicate that an action happened involuntarily in a sudden and quick manner | It's used to indicate that an action happened involuntarily in a sudden and quick manner: | ||
'''''yo''' śek meeltśzup'' – suddenly and quickly died but it was erased from time | |||
Defective | * '''Defective''' | ||
Indicates that an action almost happened | Indicates that an action almost happened: | ||
''tśrestasebe rherjy '''mara''''' – I almost never went in the past but could not possibly go at all in the future | |||
Intensity | * '''Intensity''' | ||
Used to denote the specific intensity of (or put on) an action | Used to denote the specific intensity of (or put on) an action: | ||
''jeksdamn thasko'''vo''''' – yelled loudly (with a strong force) | |||
''jeksdamn irgyu'''so''''' – barely ran (didn't put much energy into it) | |||
Intentionality | * '''Intentionality''' | ||
Indicates if an action was done deliberately or accidentally | Indicates if an action was done deliberately or accidentally: | ||
'''''kî''' treźpau estrupa'' – had harmed on purpose | |||
'''''k''' treźpau ustigraa'' – had laughed accidentally | |||
==== Verb Cases ==== | ==== Verb Cases ==== | ||
Obligational | Ten cases with one or several adpositions each. | ||
* '''Desiderative''' | |||
-Expressing optional desire: ''pira jyei '''gonk''' zai'aźñortem'' – I wish to travel. | |||
-Expressing optional but preferential obligation: ''pira jyei '''mirha''' zai'aźñortem'' – I want to travel. | |||
* '''Obligational''' | |||
- Expressing preferential obligation but it's not optional: ''pira jyei '''denja''' zai'aźñortem'' – I must travel. | |||
- Expressing optional but preferential obligation: ''pira jyei '''denśa''' zai'aźñortem'' – I should travel. | |||
* '''Necessity''' | |||
- Optional necessity: ''pira jyei '''prnte''' zai'aźñortem'' – I need to travel. | |||
- Obligatory necessity: ''pira jyei '''denta'prnte''' zai'aźñortem'' – I have to travel. | |||
* '''Alethic''' | |||
- Having the potential or possibility to do something: ''pira jyei '''delgart''' zai'aźñortem'' – I can travel. | |||
- Having the opportunity to do something: ''pira jyei '''usogz'delgart''' zai'aźñortem'' – I could travel. | |||
* '''Potential''' | |||
- To express probability: ''pira jyei '''dahel''' zai'aźñortem'' – I will probably travel. | |||
* '''Irrealis''' | |||
- Expressing regret over a past event now long gone: ''pira jyei treźpau aźñortem pira jyei ayiretuj '''gusźarrr''' jekçamp'' – If I had travelled, I wouldn't be here. | |||
* '''Instrumentative''' | |||
- Indicates the means, cause and instrument of causation of the action: ''vogh gulth gusloghe '''nivh''' merthito'' – He drowns with water. | |||
==== To Be ==== | ==== To Be ==== | ||
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[[Category: | [[Category:Circular Gallifreyan]] | ||
[[Category:Languages]] | [[Category:Languages]] | ||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||