Cumbraek: Difference between revisions

Cumbraek (view source)

Revision as of 21:02, 23 October 2014

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→‎Morphology

Psammead

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 ==Grammar==
 ===Morphology===
-<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. -->
+====Consonant Mutations====
+As with all modern Celtic languages, Cumbraek makes extensive use of initial consonant mutations to help signal grammatical and syntactic information. Cumbraek has three main mutations: '''lenition''' (''mootthei''), '''spirantisation''' (''anadhlolhei'') and '''nasalisation''' (''troonolhei'').  There is a fourth type of mutation called '''aspiration''' (''anadhleth'') in which word-initial vowels take an ''h'-'' before them.
-<!-- Here are some example subcategories:
+The changes caused by the mutations are summarised in the following table.
-Nouns
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
-Adjectives
+! style="width: 90px; " |Radical
-Verbs
+! style="width: 90px; " |Lenition
-Adverbs
+! style="width: 90px; " |Spirantisation
-Particles
+! style="width: 90px; " |Nasalisation
-Derivational morphology
+|-
+| ''p''
+| ''b''
+| ''f''
+|
+|-
+| ''t''
+| ''d''
+| ''th''
+|
+|-
+| ''c''
+| ''g''
+| ''ch''
+|
+|-
+| ''b''
+| ''v''
+|
+| ''m''
+|-
+| ''d''
+| ''dh''
+|
+| ''n''
+|-
+| ''g''
+| ''h''
+|
+| ''ng''
+|-
+| ''gw''
+| ''w''
+|
+| ''nw''
+|-
+| ''j''
+| ''y''
+|
+| ''ny''
+|-
+| ''m''
+| ''v''
+|
+|
+|}
--->
+For brevity, words routinely causing mutations will be marked with superscript letters in this article: <sup>L</sup> for lenition, <sup>S</sup> for spirantisation, <sup>N</sup> for nasalisation and <sup>H</sup> for aspiration.
+====Vowel Mutations====
+Cumbraek also has two vowel mutations, which occur regularly. '''Feminisation''' is generally restricted to adjectives and causes an ''i'' to become ''e'' and a ''u'' to become ''o''. '''Alternation''' is common in the formation of plurals and in certain verb forms, and causes the following changes:
+{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"
+! style="width: 90px" | Radical
+! style="width: 90px" | Alternate
+|-
+| ''a''
+| ''e''
+|-
+| ''e''
+| rowspan="2" | ''i''
+|-
+| ''o''
+|-
+| ''ae''
+| rowspan="2" | ''ea''
+|-
+| ''ay''
+|-
+| ''oy''
+| ''oo''
+|-
+| ''a...a''
+| ''e...e''
+|-
+| ''a...e''
+| rowspan="4" | ''e...i''
+|-
+| ''a...o''
+|-
+| ''o...o''
+|-
+| ''a...u''
+|}
+In some cases, these changes work backwards (e.g. ''gwrek'' 'woman' has the plural form ''gwragedh'').
 ===Syntax===