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===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===
Siészal disallows initial consonant clusters. Word-final clusters are allowed, but rare.
Siészal has several phonotactic limitations characteristic of "Altaic" languages:
*It disallows initial consonant clusters. (Word-final clusters are allowed, but rare.)
*It disallows initial /l(ʲ)/.


Old Siészal had many complicated initial clusters such as ''pt-'', ''tpx-'' and vowel clusters not unlike those in Japanese or Hawaiian. In Modern Siészal these clusters gave rise to palatalized consonants, long vowels, and new initials such as /f v/ which Old Siészal lacked:
===Stress===
*''pt'' > ''f'-'' (soft f)
Stress was always initial.
*''dbR'' > ''ż-''


===Stress===
Stress: first long vowel in stem, if no long vowel in stem then initial
==Orthography==
==Orthography==
===Sino orthography===
===Sino orthography===
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==Grammar==
==Grammar==
===Nouns===
===Noun clitics===
Like Korean and Japanese, Siészal is a topic-prominent language which uses postpositional noun particles:
*''-í'' = topic
:'''''Hál·iŋ·í Siészalŋió·ta uhum·agid·ah.'''''
*''-dan/-din'' = "also"
:1-ASSOC-TOP Siészal_language-NOM speak-POT-PRES
*''-ta/-ti'' = nom.
:''We can speak Siészal.''
*''-(u)d'' = genitive
 
*''-(w/y)é'' = acc.
Even though verbs do not conjugate based on person, subjects can still be dropped. Hence,
*''-ak'' = loc. (Jp. e, Kor. -ro)
:'''''Siészalŋió·ta uhum·agid·ah.'''''
*''-fý/-fí'' = dat. (Jp. ni, Kor. -e)
:Siészal_language-NOM speak-POT-PRES
*''-(w/y)éla'' = abl.
:''[X] can speak Siészal.''
*''-czy'' = conj./com.
is still a valid sentence, but what the subject is must be deduced from context.
*''-(w/y)úlь'' = inst.
*''-(a/i)smá'' = "up to, until"


===Verbs===
===Verbs===
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**''fiógan żalah'' (often ''fióganlah'')
**''fiógan żalah'' (often ''fióganlah'')
**''ti'''én''' żalah'' (often ''tiénlah'')
**''ti'''én''' żalah'' (often ''tiénlah'')
*past tense: ''-bú'' (old perfect)
*past tense: ''-búwah'' (old perfect)
**''fiógbú''
**''fiógbúwah''
**''tibú''
**''tibúwah''
*future tense: ''-álь'' (old imperfect)
*future tense: ''-áliah'' (old imperfect)
**''fiógálь''
**''fiógáliah''
**''tálь''
**''táliah''
*past conjunctive: old imperfect + conjunctive clitic ''-czy''
*past conjunctive: old imperfect + conjunctive clitic ''-czy''
**''fiógálьczy''
**''fiógálьczy''
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**''fiógbuhczy''
**''fiógbuhczy''
**''tibuhczy''
**''tibuhczy''
===Modal inflections===
Similar to German and Japanese modal particles
*''-ah > -abók'' = similarly to German ''ja'' or English ''you know how...'', used to convey a fact the listener is expected to know.
*''-ah > -agólah'' = used to soften requests
*''-ah'' > ''-ahuczá'' = German ''eben'' or ''halt''; expresses resignation, roughly 'whatcha gonna do?' or 'all right then'
*''-ah'' > ''-bál'' = German ''doch'', emphasis or [[w:mirativity]]
===Relative clauses===
Replace ''-ah'' with ''-ád'' or ''-nád''


==Sample texts==
==Sample texts==
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'''''Dié1(il) dió'''''
'''''Dié1(il) dió'''''


'''''Kúf jinkianá fialajád bászéla zýjúżalatián sunŋiamiczy giónlíxa czudih biaŋtaŋżalah. Jinkianá lisiaŋiczy liáŋsimé diatxóbatián, ózáhigidь fiéŋdiéajud siaŋżýnúlь hyŋdúŋkiadaxs dżakah.'''''
'''''Kúf jinkianá fialajád bászéla zýjúżalatián sunŋiamiczy giónlíak czudih biaŋtaŋżalah. Jinkianá lisiaŋiczy liáŋsimé diatxóbatián, ózáhigidь fiéŋdiéajud siaŋżýnúlь hyŋdúŋkiadaxs dżakah.'''''


TRANSCRIPTION:
TRANSCRIPTION:
IlL
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