6,897
edits
Essanian: Difference between revisions
→Consonants
(→Vowels) |
|||
| Line 74: | Line 74: | ||
| rowspan="2"|'''b''' | | rowspan="2"|'''b''' | ||
| word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩ | | word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩ | ||
| [ | | [b] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| elsewhere (i.e. after a vowel, even across a word boundary, or after any consonant other than ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩) | | elsewhere (i.e. after a vowel, even across a word boundary, or after any consonant other than ⟨m⟩ or ⟨n⟩) | ||
| [ | | [β] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 85: | Line 85: | ||
| rowspan="3"| '''c''' | | rowspan="3"| '''c''' | ||
| before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | ||
| [tʃ] or [ | | [tʃ] or [ʃ] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| elsewhere | | elsewhere | ||
| [ | | [k] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before voiced consonants | | before voiced consonants | ||
| [ | | [ɣ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 101: | Line 101: | ||
| '''ch''' | | '''ch''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [tʃ] or [ | | [tʃ] or [ʃ] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 107: | Line 107: | ||
| '''ç''' | | '''ç''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [θ] or [s] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 114: | Line 113: | ||
| rowspan="3"| '''d''' | | rowspan="3"| '''d''' | ||
| word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨l⟩ or ⟨n⟩ | | word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨l⟩ or ⟨n⟩ | ||
| [ | | [d] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 124: | Line 123: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| elsewhere | | elsewhere | ||
| [ | | [ð] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 130: | Line 129: | ||
| '''f''' | | '''f''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [f] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 146: | Line 145: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | | not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | ||
| [ | | [ɡ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | | not before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | ||
| [ | | [ɣ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 173: | Line 172: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and either word-initial after a pause, or after ⟨n⟩ | ||
| [ | | [ɡ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩, and not in the above contexts | ||
| [ | | [ɣ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 217: | Line 216: | ||
| '''k''' | | '''k''' | ||
| rare; only occurs in a few loanwords and sensational spellings | | rare; only occurs in a few loanwords and sensational spellings | ||
| [ | | [k] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 223: | Line 222: | ||
| '''l''' | | '''l''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [l] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 229: | Line 228: | ||
| '''lh''' | | '''lh''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [ʎ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 235: | Line 234: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''m''' | | rowspan="2"| '''m''' | ||
| everywhere except word-finally | | everywhere except word-finally | ||
| [ | | [m] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| word-final | | word-final | ||
| [ | | [n] or [ŋ] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 246: | Line 245: | ||
| rowspan="3" | '''n''' | | rowspan="3" | '''n''' | ||
| everywhere but before other consonants and word-finally | | everywhere but before other consonants and word-finally | ||
| [ | | [n] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before other consonants | | before other consonants | ||
| [ | | [m]; [ɱ]; [n]; [ɲ]; [ŋ] | ||
| | | | ||
| Assimilates to the following consonant’s place of articulation. | | Assimilates to the following consonant’s place of articulation. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| word-finally | | word-finally | ||
|[ | |[n] or [ŋ] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 262: | Line 261: | ||
| '''nh''' | | '''nh''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [ɲ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 268: | Line 267: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''p''' | | rowspan="2"| '''p''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [p] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| in the consonant cluster ⟨pt⟩ | | in the consonant cluster ⟨pt⟩ | ||
| [ | | [β] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 279: | Line 278: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''qu''' | | rowspan="2"| '''qu''' | ||
| before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | | before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | ||
| [ | | [k] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 290: | Line 289: | ||
| '''qü''' | | '''qü''' | ||
| only occurs before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | | only occurs before ⟨e⟩ or ⟨i⟩ | ||
| [ | | [kw] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 297: | Line 296: | ||
| word-initial, morpheme-initial, | | word-initial, morpheme-initial, | ||
or after ⟨l⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨z⟩; in emphatic speech may also be used instead of [<nowiki/>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_tap ɾ]] in syllable-final (especially before ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨t⟩, or ⟨d⟩) and word-final positions (before pause or consonant-initial words only) | or after ⟨l⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨s⟩, or ⟨z⟩; in emphatic speech may also be used instead of [<nowiki/>[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alveolar_tap ɾ]] in syllable-final (especially before ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨n⟩, ⟨s⟩, ⟨t⟩, or ⟨d⟩) and word-final positions (before pause or consonant-initial words only) | ||
| [ | | [r] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| elsewhere | | elsewhere | ||
| [ | | [ɾ] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 308: | Line 307: | ||
| '''rr''' | | '''rr''' | ||
| only occurs between vowels | | only occurs between vowels | ||
| [ | | [r] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 314: | Line 313: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''s''' | | rowspan="2"| '''s''' | ||
| before a voiced consonant (e.g. ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨d⟩,⟨g⟩) or between vowels | | before a voiced consonant (e.g. ⟨l⟩, ⟨m⟩, ⟨d⟩,⟨g⟩) or between vowels | ||
| [ | | [z] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| everywhere else | | everywhere else | ||
| [ | | [s] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 331: | Line 330: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''t''' | | rowspan="2"| '''t''' | ||
| everywhere | | everywhere | ||
| [ | | [t] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before voiced consonants | | before voiced consonants | ||
| [ | | [ð] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 359: | Line 358: | ||
|- | |- | ||
| between vowels and word-finally | | between vowels and word-finally | ||
| [ks] | | [ks] | ||
| | | | ||
| In words of Latin or Greek origin; may be replaced with ⟨cs⟩ or ⟨s⟩ (with the associated pronunciation change). | | In words of Latin or Greek origin; may be replaced with ⟨cs⟩ or ⟨s⟩ (with the associated pronunciation change). | ||
|- | |- | ||
| before a consonant | | before a consonant | ||
| [ks] or [ | | [ks] or [s] | ||
| | | | ||
| In words of Latin or Greek origin; may be replaced with ⟨s⟩ (and pronounced accordingly). | | In words of Latin or Greek origin; may be replaced with ⟨s⟩ (and pronounced accordingly). | ||
| Line 375: | Line 374: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''y''' | | rowspan="2"| '''y''' | ||
| as a semivowel (almost always in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong diphthong]) | | as a semivowel (almost always in a [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphthong diphthong]) | ||
| [i] or [ | | [i] or [j] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| as a consonant | | as a consonant | ||
| [ | | [j] | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
| Line 386: | Line 385: | ||
| rowspan="2"| '''z''' | | rowspan="2"| '''z''' | ||
| everywhere except word-finally | | everywhere except word-finally | ||
| [ | | [ð] or [z] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| word-finally | | word-finally | ||
| [ | | [θ] or [s] (depending on the dialect) | ||
| | | | ||
| | | | ||
|} | |} | ||
=====Vowels===== | =====Vowels===== | ||
{| class="wikitable" | {| class="wikitable" | ||