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Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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| **'''Other persons:''' Same as corresponding present subjunctive. | | **'''Other persons:''' Same as corresponding present subjunctive. |
| *'''Negative:''' Same as corresponding present subjunctive. | | *'''Negative:''' Same as corresponding present subjunctive. |
| ====='''Notes on irregular verbs'''=====
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| *Stem-changing verbs have predictable sound changes when the stem is stressed. Common varieties include:
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| **''-o-'' > ''-ue-''
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| **''-e-'' > ''-ie-''
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| **''-ch-'' > ''-it-''
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| *Many verbs have an irregular 1S present indicative form. When this occurs, this irregular stem is also used to form the present subjunctive. In the case of stem-changing verbs, stem vowel changes still apply.
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| *The future may have an irregular stem before ''-r-'' formed by contraction. This happens especially often with ''-er'' verbs. The conditional always has the same stem as the future.
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| *The preterite may have an irregular stem, in which case the endings are as below (with a few exceptions):
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| {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
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| ! Person/Number !! Preterite ending
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| |-
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| !1S
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| | -i
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| |-
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| ! 2S
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| | -es
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| |-
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| !3S
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| | -o
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| |-
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| !1P
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| | -ién
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| |-
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| !2P
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| | -iez
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| |-
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| !3P
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| | -ién
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| |-
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| |}
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| :The pluperfect indicative, imperfect subjunctive, and future subjunctive stems are always formed by removing ''-s'' from the 2S preterite and adding the appropriate endings starting from the consonant.
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| *Regular verbs whose stems end in ''-c-, -g-, -qu-, -gu-, -qü-, -gü-, -ch-'' have spelling changes in order to maintain the same pronunciation in front of front and back vowels, as per the table below.
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| {| class=wikitable style="text-align:center"
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| ! Phoneme !! Before front vowels !! Before back vowels !! Remarks
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| |-
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| | /k/
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| | qu || c ||
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| |-
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| | /tʃ/
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| | c || ch || Becomes ''-ch'' when word-final.
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| |-
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| | /ɡ ~ ɣ/
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| | gu || g ||
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| |-
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| | /dʒ ~ ʒ/
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| | g || j || This spelling change does not apply if the infinitive is spelled with ''-j-'', in which case this spelling is maintained.
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| |-
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| | /kw/
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| | qü || qu ||
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| |-
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| | /ɡw ~ ɣw/
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| | gü || gu ||
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| |}
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| :Note that many verbs ending in ''-cer, -cir'' irregularly maintain their spelling in the 1S present indicative with the corresponding pronunciation change.
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| <!--
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| *There are various verbs ending in ''-uyir/-uwir''. These verbs, as well as ''oyir/owir'' "to hear" have two forms: a mostly regular form in ''-yir'', and a form in ''-wir'' with an irregular present indicative in the 1S and a present subjunctive where the ''-w-'' is replaced with ''-y-''.-->
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| ====='''The verb ''ser'' "to be"'''===== | | ====='''The verb ''ser'' "to be"'''===== |
| The verb ''ser'' "to be" is highly irregular. | | The verb ''ser'' "to be" is highly irregular. |