Eucosmy: Difference between revisions
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==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||
===Nouns=== | ===Nouns=== | ||
Nouns are marked by high tone. | Nouns are marked by high tone, except see below. | ||
====Pronouns=== | Definiteness is marked with articles ''‘'' (indefinite) and ''h'' (definite). See also [[Eucosmy#Pronouns|Pronouns]]. | ||
====Pronouns==== | |||
Pronouns are as follows. | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" | Demonstrative !! rowspan="2" | Personal | |||
! this thing (by speaker) | |||
| iä= | |||
! 1st person | |||
| ia= | |||
|- | |||
! that thing (by listener) | |||
| üä= | |||
! 2nd person | |||
| üa= | |||
|- | |||
! ? | |||
| ïä= | |||
! ? | |||
| ïa= | |||
|- | |||
! that thing (by neither) | |||
| uä= | |||
! 3rd person | |||
| ua= | |||
|} | |||
Low tone can be applied to demonstrative and personal pronouns in place of high tone to form demonstrative adjectives and possessive pronouns respectively. This can also be done to articles to form relative pronouns. | |||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
| Line 130: | Line 158: | ||
===Verbs=== | ===Verbs=== | ||
Adjectives are marked by falling tone. | Adjectives are marked by falling tone. | ||
Voice is marked with particles ''s'' (active), ''s’'' (relative), ''z'' (passive). | |||
===Adverbs=== | ===Adverbs=== | ||
===Adpositions=== | ===Adpositions=== | ||
===Numerals=== | ===Numerals=== | ||
Numerals are marked as ordinal by rising tone and cardinal by falling tone. They are as follows. | Numerals are marked as ordinal by rising tone and cardinal by falling tone. They are as follows (excluding tone marking). | ||
- | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | ||
! 0 !! 1 !! 2 !! 3 !! 4 | |||
|- | |||
| ‘ä || ‘i || ‘ee || ‘e || ‘ae | |||
|- | |||
! 5 !! 6 !! 7 !! 8 !! 9 | |||
|- | |||
| ‘a || ‘ao || ‘o || ‘oo || ‘u | |||
|- | |||
! 10¹ !! 10² !! 10³ !! 10⁴ | |||
|- | |||
| ‘ü || ‘oe || ‘ö || ‘oa | |||
|- | |||
! ? !! ? !! ? !! ? | |||
|- | |||
| ‘ï || ‘eo || ‘ë || ‘ea | |||
|} | |||
===Derivational morphology=== | ===Derivational morphology=== | ||
Revision as of 05:22, 10 October 2023
| This is a stub. You can help Linguifex by expanding it. |
| Eucosmy | |
|---|---|
| Ἐυκοσμία | |
 Logo of Eucosmy. | |
| Created by | Escha |
| Latin script, Euphyte script | |
| Official status | |
| Regulated by | Eucosmia discord server |
Eucosmy is a philosophical auxlang growing on cognitive linguistics. It has five main goals, according to the creator Escha[1]:
- To found a universal literary (especially philosophico-scientific) community to which all human beings, whichever whose native language is, have an equally easiest access.
- To lay the indispensable foundation for a thorough world literature & world philosophy.
- To emancipate the human mind from the irremediable hamperings of the traditional languages: mal-terminology (such as “socialism”), ambiguity (such as “monopoly” in economics), babelism (such as “left”/”right” in politics), sex-partiality & gender-exclusivity (such as “man”, “Mrs.”, “her”, “wife”) etc.
- To enrich the human spirit by assimilating all the positive elements of all the ethnic languages into a common pool.
- To contribute to the cause of world liberty: free trade, free migration and even anarchical peace.
Phonology
Consonants
| Labial | Dental | Alveopalatal | Postalveolar | Velar | Glottal | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m | n | ŋ | |||||||||||||
| Plosive | p | pʰ | b | t | tʰ | d | k | kʰ | g | ʔ | ||||||
| Affricate | ʦ | ʦʰ | ʣ | ʨ | ʨʰ | ʥ | ʧ | ʧʰ | ʤ | |||||||
| Fricative | f | v | θ, s | ð, z | ɕ | ʑ | ʃ | ʒ | x | ɣ | h | |||||
| Liquid | l, r~ɹ | |||||||||||||||
Vowels
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Close | i | y | ɨ~ʉ | ɯ | u | |
| Close-mid | eː | øː | ɤː | oː | ||
| Mid | ə | |||||
| Open-mid | ε | œ | ʌ | ɔ | ||
| εː | œː | ʌː | ɔː | |||
| Open | a~ɑ | |||||
- In open-mid vowels, short variants are more realized as retracted and long variants are more realized as more advanced.
Tones
| High | Low | Falling | Rising |
|---|---|---|---|
| ˥ | ˩ | ˥˩ | ˩˥ |
Phonotactics
Eucosmy's maximum syllable structure is CV₁V{S̥,N,l,r,V₁}, V₁ being a high vowel other than /ɨ/.
Orthography
| A | Ä | AE | AO | B | B’ | C | C’ | CH | D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| /a/ | /ə/ | /ɛː/ | /ɔː/ | /b/ | /v/ | /k/ | /x/ | /kʰ/ | /d/ |
| D’ | DZ | DZ’ | DZH | E | Ë | EA | EE | EO | G |
| /ð/ | /ʣ/ | /ʥ/ | /ʤ/ | /ɛ/ | /ʌ/ | /ʌː/ | /eː/ | /ɤː/ | /g/ |
| G’ | H | I | Ï | L | M | N | O | Ö | OA |
| /ɣ/ | /h/ | /i/ | /ɯ/ | /l/ | /m/ | /n/ | /ɔ/ | /ɶ/ | /ɶː/ |
| OE | OO | P | P’ | PH | Q | R | S | S’ | SH |
| /øː/ | /oː/ | /p/ | /f/ | /pʰ/ | /ŋ/ | /r/ | /s/ | /ɕ/ | /ʃ/ |
| SZ | SZ’ | SZH | T | T’ | TH | TS | TS’ | TSH | U |
| /ʦ/ | /ʨ/ | /ʧ/ | /t/ | /θ/ | /tʰ/ | /ʦʰ/ | /ʨʰ/ | /ʧʰ/ | /u/ |
| Ü | Z | Z’ | ZH | ‘ | _ | = | < | > | |
| /y/ | /z/ | /ʑ/ | /ʒ/ | /ʔ/ | /ɨ/ | /˥/ | /˩˥/ | /˥˩/ |
Morphology
Nouns
Nouns are marked by high tone, except see below.
Definiteness is marked with articles ‘ (indefinite) and h (definite). See also Pronouns.
Pronouns
Pronouns are as follows.
| Demonstrative | Personal | this thing (by speaker) | iä= | 1st person | ia= |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| that thing (by listener) | üä= | 2nd person | üa= | ||
| ? | ïä= | ? | ïa= | ||
| that thing (by neither) | uä= | 3rd person | ua= |
Low tone can be applied to demonstrative and personal pronouns in place of high tone to form demonstrative adjectives and possessive pronouns respectively. This can also be done to articles to form relative pronouns.
Adjectives
Adjectives are marked by rising tone.
When preceding their noun they are attributive, and when following they are predicative.
Adjectives may also function as verbs.
Verbs
Adjectives are marked by falling tone.
Voice is marked with particles s (active), s’ (relative), z (passive).
Adverbs
Adpositions
Numerals
Numerals are marked as ordinal by rising tone and cardinal by falling tone. They are as follows (excluding tone marking).
| 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ‘ä | ‘i | ‘ee | ‘e | ‘ae |
| 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| ‘a | ‘ao | ‘o | ‘oo | ‘u |
| 10¹ | 10² | 10³ | 10⁴ | |
| ‘ü | ‘oe | ‘ö | ‘oa | |
| ? | ? | ? | ? | |
| ‘ï | ‘eo | ‘ë | ‘ea |
Derivational morphology
Syntax
Constituent order
Verb order in Eucosmy is free; in active clauses the agent must precede the patient, and in passive clauses the agent must follow the patient.
Noun phrase
Adjective may either precede or follow their noun, but with different respective meanings. See Adjectives.