Fén Ghír: Difference between revisions

2,171 bytes added ,  10 May 2013
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The language is designed for a conworld and as such aims to be as unique as possible. However as both an early conlang and due to initial worries for aesthetic features as well as content it draws heavily on a few sources;
The language is designed for a conworld and as such aims to be as unique as possible. However as both an early conlang and due to initial worries for aesthetic features as well as content it draws heavily on a few sources;


Irish Gaelic served as the largest inspiration, more obviously in regards to grammatical lentition, Head first and phonology in general. English and French are heavy influences as well due to my stronger knowledge of them.
Irish Gaelic served as the largest inspiration, more obviously in regards to grammatical lenition, Head first and phonology in general. English and French are heavy influences as well due to my stronger knowledge of them.


Some aspects are new, largely aiming towards simplification while remaining unique; the isolating aspect, copula and relative clauses are unique to the language and derived from my desire to keep things as simple and categorical as possible.
Some aspects are new, largely aiming towards simplification while remaining unique; the isolating aspect, copula and relative clauses are unique to the language and derived from my desire to keep things as simple and categorical as possible.
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==Phonology==
==Phonology==
===Consonants===
 
The following is a rough approximation of Címén Ghír, or "Sacred Fayn" which is used taught and used as a neutral dialect amongst the educated classes;
The following is a rough approximation of Címén Ghír, or "Sacred Fayn" which is used taught and used as a neutral dialect amongst the educated classes;


 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|+Consonants
! colspan="1"|
! colspan="1"|
!Labial
!Labial
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|}
|}


 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
===Vowels===
|+Vowels
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
! width="28%"|
! width="28%"|
! width="36%"|Front
! width="36%"|Front
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!Open
!Open
|a a:
|a a:
ɑ:
|}
|}


===Fén Alphabet===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:400px;"
 
|+Fén Alphabet
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:400px;"
! width="100"|Consonants
! width="100"|Consonants
! width="100"|Lenition
! width="100"|Lenition
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|
|
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
! width="100"|Vowel
! width="100"|Vowel
! width="100"|Short
! width="100"|Short
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|u:
|u:
|}
|}
===Irregularities===
The dialect represented here is the formal version of Fén which is resistant to external sandhi, and as the dialect from which the written language is derived, most changes are reflected in spelling, however from roots it may be seen that fronted vowels vowels are "lengthened" before sonorants; i becomes í, e becomes é. The exception is a and á are pronounced as ɑ and ɑ: prior to a sonorant, with "a" indistinguishable from "o".


===Phonotactics===
===Phonotactics===


Smallest Syllables Possible, Diaphongs are avoided even in the construction of compound words.
Compounds in Fén are constructed with strict Sandi rules, which reflect the fundamental phonotactic laws of Fén;


In larger words, the consonant of the root word will be; C-V-C.
When the initial word ends with a consonant and the second begins with one, the consonant is dropped from the initial word and the consonant in the latter is lenited, if possible.


In some cases shorter additions will consist of a two letter consonants either C-V or sometimes V-C depending on the etymology of the individual word. Single vowel consonants however, do not occur.
When the initial word ends with a vowel and the second begins with a vowel, the vowel is dropped from the initial word.


Stress usually shifts forward however.
When the initial word ends with a consonant and the second begins with a vowel, the consonant and vowel become a few consonant.
 
When the initial word ends with a vowel and the second begins with a consonant, the structure remains unchanged.
 
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsable collapsed" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
|+Merging Sandhi
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Initial Word
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Latter Word
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Final Word
|-
|CVC
|CVC
|CV(C)-LVC
|-
|V
|V
|(V)V
|-
|CVC
|V
|CV-CV
|-
|V
|CVC
|V-CVC
|}
 
Typical syllabic structure of a Fén word then is;
 
(V)-(CV)-(CV)-CVC-(V)
 
Exceptions occur rarely due to independant consonant vowels, where CVC-V-CVC structure can occur. This is rare however.
 
Similarly, there are exceptions outside of these words, typically amongst words who merged prior Pyrittyl-Galavic split. These are sometimes visible due to a lack of internal lenition, though that may occur for other reasons.


==Grammar==
==Grammar==


===Pronouns===
===Pronouns===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|English
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|English
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Fén
! style="text-align:left" width="100"|Fén
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===Determiners===
===Determiners===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
 
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Current Determiner
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsing collapsed" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Contrasting Determiner
|+Fén Determiners
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|New Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Proximal Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Current Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Distal  Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Contrasting Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Alternative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|New Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Proximal Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Inquistive Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Distal Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Alternative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Interrogative  Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Inquistive Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Interrogative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner (Pl)
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|Relative Determiner (Pl)
|-
|-
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===Quantifying Determiners===
===Quantifying Determiners===


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
{| class= "bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:200px;"
! style="text-align:left" width="125"|Fén Ghír
! style="text-align:left" width="125"|Fén Ghír
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|English
! style="text-align:left" width="75"|English
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|None
|None
|}
|}
It should be noted that these do not cause a noun to pluralize.
It should be noted that these do not cause a noun to pluralize.


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====Verb Phrase====
====Verb Phrase====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:100px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:100px;"
|+Verb Branching Order
! width="100"|Temporal Auxiliary verbs
! width="100"|Temporal Auxiliary verbs
! width="100"|Adverbs
! width="100"|Adverbs
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====Noun Phrase====
====Noun Phrase====
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:300px;"
|+Noun Phrase Branching
! width="100"|Preposition*
! width="100"|Preposition*
! width="100"|Adjective for Gen. Noun
! width="100"|Adjective for Gen. Noun
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Nouns work in a manner similar to verbs. A particular quality in nouns is that they are either preceded by a preposition, a relative determiner, a subcoupla or the end of the sentance.
Nouns work in a manner similar to verbs. A particular quality in nouns is that they are either preceded by a preposition, a relative determiner, a subcoupla or the end of the sentance.


====Lentition====
====Lenition====
If a noun or verb is preceded by number, adjectives or an adverb, then lenition occurs in the first consonant.
If a noun or verb is preceded by number, adjectives or an adverb, then lenition occurs in the first consonant.


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===Copula===
===Copula===
A Sentence begins with a Copula, this gives the context of whether the sentance is positive, negative or comparative.
A Sentence may begin with a Copula, this gives the context of whether the sentance is positive, negative or comparative.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
|+Copula
! width="30%"|Copula
! width="30%"|Copula
! width="70%"|English
! width="70%"|English
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====Subcopula====
====Subcopula====
Subcopula are for individual causes of negatives or causal statements within verb or noun phrases that do not affect the truth value of the entire sentance.
Subcopula are for individual causes of negatives or causal statements within verb or noun phrases that do not affect the truth value of the entire sentance.
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:600px;"
|+Subcopula
! width="30%"|Subcopula
! width="30%"|Subcopula
! width="70%"|English
! width="70%"|English
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Using these cases the Fén sentance order becomes;
Using these terms, the Fén sentance order becomes;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
|+Prepositional Clause/Order Order
! width="100"|Relative Determiner
! width="100"|Relative Determiner
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Copula
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Verbs are given tenses in a fashion similar to English; Have, Is or Go precede the verb in various orders to give it a tense.
Verbs are given tenses in a fashion similar to English; Have, Is or Go precede the verb in various orders to give it a tense.


{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:750px;"
|+Auxilary Verbs, Time & Mood
! width="30%"|Tense
! width="30%"|Tense
! width="25%"|Fén
! width="25%"|Fén
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{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:left; vertical-align:middle; width:350px;"
|+Prespositions
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="30%"|Fén
! width="30%"|English
! width="30%"|English
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These are essentially a full sentance on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentances on their own and follow typical word order;
These are essentially a full sentance on their own but they may be linked with the above copula. They typically begin with a copula or a verb (in cases where the copula would be dropped) and conclude with the subject. These are essentially sentances on their own and follow typical word order;
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle; width:500px;"
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Copula
! width="100"|Verb
! width="100"|Verb
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===Notable Features===
===Notable Features===


====Yes/No====
====Yes/No===
The Fén language does not have a term for yes or no but rather will reply with an shortened affirmative or negative, most simply, "''Té ít''" or "''An té ít''" if they want to be emphatic.
The Fén language does not have a term for yes or no but rather will reply with an shortened affirmative or negative, most simply, "''Té ít''"or a fitting determiner depending on the situation.
 
"''En té ít'''"-Negative.
"''An té ít"'' -Double Negative [Similar to French "si"]


====Té====
====Té====
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==Vocabularly==
==Vocabularly==


=== Phrasebook===
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;""
“Hello”
|+Phrasebook
*Bér cór re.
|-
“How are you?
|Hello
*Ach té ét cór re
|''Bér cór re.''
“I am well.
|-
*Té bér cór di
|How are you?
“What is your name?
|''Ach té ét cór re''
*Ach té fémoc me ét cór re
|-
"It is" ______
|I am well.
*Té ______ me ít.
|''Té bér cór di''
 
|-
"A pleasure to meet you."
|What is your name?
 
|''Té fémoc at cór re''
*Nel bér me én chím ít cór di
|-
"Please..."
|It is ______
 
|''Té ______ me ít.''
*Och dir bér me re cór di...
|-
"Thank you"
|A pleasure to meet you.
*Tel thé bér cór re
|''Níl bér me én chím ít cór di''
"You’re welcome"
|-
*Tel thé lú bér cór re
|Please...
"Good bye."
|''Och dir bér me re cór di...''
*Gar re me Úlana
|-
"I don’t speak Fayn well"
|Thank you
*En tel bér ghír fén ghír cór di
|''Tel thé bér cór re''
"Do you speak (the English) language"
|-
*Ach tel ghír (Sasana) me ígel cu ré?
|You’re welcome
"Can one of you speak English?"
|''Tel thé lú bér cór re''
|-
|Good bye
|''Gar re me Úlana''
|-
|I don’t speak Fayn well
|''En tel bér ghír fén cór di''
|-
|Do you speak (the English) language"
|''Act tel ghír (Sasana) me re?"
|"Can one of you speak (English)?"
|Ach tel ghír (Sasana) me én bhe ré?"
|}


===Additional Pages===
===Additional Pages===
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==Featured Language==
==Featured Language==
Fén Ghír has not yet been featured but I have translated this banner as practice;
Fén Ghír has not yet been featured but I have translated this banner as practice;
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;"
! Bér Dén Ghír ba Dénobh
! Bér Dén Ghír ba Dénobh
|-
|-
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Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc bhé ag bér dhén na bécím lemh na lú dhíra me ghír ítá.
Bhé fhémoc bér me ló cór ít pon éloc bhé ag bér dhén na bécím lemh na lú dhíra me ghír ítá.
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:100%"
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg collapsible collapsed" style="text-align:left; width:750px;"
! Honoured Conlang Banner
! Honoured Conlang Banner
|-
|-
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